This page is for organizing History Day Guide.
By creating original pages here and mapping to public guide, it makes it easier to archive pages on specific years. It also helps reduce duplicate assets caused by copying a page or a box.
Also - as resources are added to the general guide, they will (may) be removed from Previous Topics guide.
Fall 2022 there will be an attempt to reorganize the public guide, based on suggestions from students and teachers at a summer 2022 History Day Facebook live stream. Jenny is creating a new guide.
Sometimes you will be taken to other guides for the general public.
CSL has many collections, some online, some only in physical format, some in multiple formats. Because our collections have many unique items not available elsewhere, some items have restricted and/or supervised access. This means they must be used within the library's secured collections reading area (see link below).
Another section will cover selected sample resources for topics.
This is a quick overview - use the links for more detailed information.
Here are a few terms you may come across when researching:
Our library catalog, Primo, will list books, documents, journals, databases, maps, etc. that CSL owns and/or has access to. It will not include the content (i.e. full text) of the items, nor will it discover articles and resources within databases. It will include finding aids to Connecticut State Archives, but not the content of the finding aids. Primo searches can be limited to just CSL content - or you may use the search options to also search the four state universities and all community colleges. You will not have access to their materials through the Connecticut State Library and will need to contact holding library directly.
Archives and Finding Aids
We can't do your research - but we can help you find resources.
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) is not like most other libraries. As a state library, CSL holds the CT State Archives, and focuses on Connecticut and Federal government, as well as the history of Connecticut, towns, industry, military.
We have a page that explains how to get a library card, with links to apply for a card.
People under the age of 18 must have their legal guardian sign/fill out the form. We do not have resources specifically for students/children and therefore legal guardians must give consent for people under 18 years to access our resources.
If you come to the CT State Library to use archival or other restricted access material, you will need to get a Secured Collections Card. Instructions are on this page:
Can't get a CSL library card? Check with your teacher and/or school librarian - sometimes they have alternative solutions. We do have a Photo Duplication Unit that can scan copies (within copyright restrictions) for a fee. This takes time and requires you to plan ahead.
National History Day and CT History Day web sites offer help on picking and focusing topics.
It is important to keep your topic on the yearly theme of the competition.
These are only a few resources to help choose a topic.
Also look at previous topics and previous years' suggestions. While you will need to focus the topic to meet the current year's theme, past topics can be a source of inspiration to start your research.
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) has a collection of indexes and databases to help you find articles - and many include books, government documents, and other resources. They cover different date ranges and different subject areas.
Some, like Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, we have only in print. If you come to the library in person, a librarian can help you learn how to use it.
Many of our databases are online and full text. When it is a subscription database from a commercial vendor, you will need a card for the Connecticut State Library (your school or public library card will not work). Not all databases have full text of articles/resources - some are just indexes that tell you where to find the actual resource. We have additional indexes that are not online - contact us for help learning which resource to use.
Below are tips to get a CSL library card, find databases and determine which have remote access and which require you to be in our building to use. A list of suggested databases follows.
Until our web site migration is complete, please use the handout in the file below. When the new web site is complete, the screen shots (images of what the computer screen will look like) will be updated.
These are only a few suggestions of databases you may access from home with a CT State Library card. There are more: some have remote access, others that may be used within our building in Hartford. For a complete list of databases, please see:
Suggested DatabasesThe focus is on the current year's theme. Newspapers will be listed in next section. |
 |
Some newspaper databases have only historic issues, some only modern, and some have both. Read the date range given in the description. Modern newspapers may give insight into impact over time.
Something about language, abbreviations, etc.
This guide is for History Day resources. It is just some examples to highlight the numerous resources we have. See also specific groups under Demographic Groups page in the MAIN History Day Research guide.
While Civil Rights and Human Rights are not the same, they are grouped together here to condense organization.
The United Nations defines Human Rights as: "Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination."
The Law Information Institute (LII) explains:
"A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury.
Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of the individual's membership in a particular group or class. Various jurisdictions have enacted statutes to prevent discrimination based on a person's race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of servitude, physical limitation, national origin, and in some instances sexual orientation.
People often confuse civil rights and civil liberties. Civil rights refer to legal provisions that stem from notions of equality. Civil rights are not in the Bill of Rights; they deal with legal protections. For example, the right to vote is a civil right. A civil liberty, on the other hand, refers to personal freedoms protected by the Bill of Rights. For example, the First Amendment's right to free speech is a civil liberty."
See https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/civil_rights
These are some suggested databases - many require our library card for remote access.
HeinOnline has several collections - scroll through the main menu page and click on items such as:
See Civil & Human Rights page for more on Voting Rights, as well as Previous Topics guide for specific people and our main research guides.
These are examples of historical resources. Be sure to check the publication date.
See pages on Civil Rights and Voting Rights, as well as general guides too.
As part of the 2020 Centennial observance of the 19th Amendment, the Connecticut State Library has endeavored to digitize items in the Connecticut State Library.
See also our research guide:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
This covers notable weather events and disasters (natural and not).
For Epidemics, see the section for Medical & Life Sciences
Check newspapers and archives for government agencies involved with event.
See also:
See specific events and governors' record for corresponding time period.
The History & Genealogy reference unit may be able to help.
These are only a few examples. See pages on specific events too.
Red Cross Annex.
Cars are loaded with Red Cross comfort bags at the Red Cross Annex on Farmington Avenue. The comfort bags were filled with treats and other necessities. The Annex was the former home of Jonathan Niles.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Start with our main research guide:
FIRST look at the Guide from the History & Genealogy Unit (H&G).
Books on that guide as of creation of this page are not repeated here.
Use newspapers from the time, as well as later, to see how the events were reported.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See also guides and boxes below for specific events and/or agencies involved.
Much of these resources are not online.
The Connecticut State Library has quite a bit on the Hurricane of 1938 in several different collections.
Researching the clean up efforts - see also the WPA and the CCC.
While some historic sources use the term "tidal wave", it was actually a storm surge.
Some are online.
Taken by Storm 1938 by Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) focuses on Connecticut and therefore will have more resources on the Connecticut Witch Trials. These first occurred almost 50 years before the Salem trials.
Below are some examples of resources for studying the Connecticut Witch Trials and topics related to witchcraft in Colonial period. This is not to be a complete/comprehensive list. New resources are digitized and/or added to our collection and may not be reflected in this guide. Many of the resources are not online, and are in restricted collections (must be used on site at CSL) that should be requested in advance by contacting the History & Genealogy Unit (860-757-6580).
It is recommended that you begin your research with our History & Genealogy unit.
See also the books below and resources above.
These are just a few suggested items that might help with your research. It is recommended to always search our catalog and archive finding aids.
Witch-Hunting in Seventeenth-Century New England 2nd ed. by 
Witch Hunts in Europe and America by 
Before Salem :: Witch Hunting in the Connecticut River Valley, 1647-1663 by 
Connecticut Witch Trials by Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are some examples of resources.
See also the section on Epidemics & Pandemics below.
These are only a few suggestions. ASO look under other topics, such a specific conflict and/or women.
A Legacy of Lessons Learned: Landstuhi Regional Medical Center During Wartime, 2001-2014 by 
Navy Medicine in Vietnam
The Evolution of Forward Surgery in the US ArmyA Legacy of Lessons Learned: Landstuhi Regional Medical Center During Wartime, 2001-2014 by A few suggested resources.
Search historic newspapers for first hand accounts. Search our catalog and archives to see more resources available through the Connecticut State Library (CSL).
Many of our databases will have relevant information. Here are items that focus on the topic.
Concepts and terms varied over time. Feel free to contact us for assistance.
These is only a small number of examples of our resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See also other previous History Day topics, including John F. Kennedy, cold war, etc.
As a Regional Federal Depository Library, the Connecticut State Library has a strong collection of NASA publications distributed through the FDLP.
"Read You Loud and Clear!" : The Story of NASA's Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network
100 Years of Flight by See also pages on women.
Spaceflight Revolution : NASA Langley Research Center from Sputnik to Apollo
Project Apollo the Tough Decisions by The Apollo Program was part of the Space Race. Here are resources specific to Apollo Program.
These are only some examples. Search our library catalog, Primo, for more resources.
Project Apollo the Tough Decisions by 
Before This Decade is Out
Stages to Saturn : A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles by These are only a few suggested ones
Check our catalog and databases, as well as other guides.
These are a few suggestions. for a full list, see:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Some suggested resources.
Search Our library catalog:
Power to Explore by For the history of NASA, see also parts of this guide for JFK and the Space Race and Apollo 13.
Selected Databases
Selected Websites
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are very broad topics and may be broken out in the future, as needed. Industries in the broader sense, and not just manufacturing.
For military industries, see military research pages.
Items promoting progress related to inventions, industry, technology, etc.
Basic resources, often called reference in a library, to learn about labor and industry.
Connecticut State Library is a member, along with many other Connecticut institutions.
Just some examples of resources available. There is much that has not been digitized at the Museum of Connecticut History and the Connecticut State Library.
See research pages on Military for more resources.
See also military pages in this guide, and other specific topics.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are grouped together for convenience.
See also page on Industry. War bonds, etc. might be listed under the Military pages.
The Connecticut State Library has many resources on State Union contracts.
These are a few suggestions - try newspapers too. Please see also:
These are only a few of the numerous resources at the Connecticut State Library. The examples are based on past research topics.
See also military pages in this guide, and other specific topics.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only a few of the numerous resources at the Connecticut State Library. The examples are based on past research topics.
Because these topics overlap, be sure to check all sections of this page, as well as our library catalog and databases.
TIP: Because WPA and CCC projects required matching state or local funding, state and municipal documents may offer additional information not found in federal documents. Contact the local public library or town clerk, or a Connecticut State Library reference librarian, for help with municipal documents.
According to the Library of Congress: ""The New Deal" refers to a series of domestic programs (lasting roughly from 1933 to 1939) implemented during the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the effects of the Great Depression on the U.S. economy. In addition to certain key economic programs, several of the most prominent New Deal initiatives focused on providing work relief to unemployed workers from all segments of U.S. society--from unskilled laborers to highly skilled artists and technicians. The projects in which these workers were employed were as diverse as their backgrounds and extended from public works projects--the construction of roads, buildings, parks, tunnels bridges, to cultural documentation projects carried out by writers, artists, historians, actors, and musicians." (https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/newdeal/intro.html, accessed 18 November 2020).
These are only a few of the numerous resources at the Connecticut State Library. The examples are based on past research topics.
TIP: Because WPA and CCC projects required matching state or local funding, state and municipal documents may offer additional information not found in federal documents.
Connecticut Civilian Conservation Corps Camps : History, Memories & Legacy of the CCC by Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
The guide was originally based on specific topics of past student research. Many of the groups listed here need more research and we will be adding more information as we can. Please contact us for assistance in finding resources for your research.
These are only a few suggestions. See also our full list.
Many subscription databases require a card from the Connecticut State Library for remote access.
See also specific groups in the sub-pages. These are more general resources.
A Different Mirror by
Lib Guides: "Describes the immigrant experiences of Japanese, African, Irish, and Jewish Americans, exposing the abuses suffered by Native Americans, slaves, and workers who built the country."
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Resources for History Day.
These are only examples.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are examples of some of the resources available from the Connecticut State Archives.
Much of this information is not available online. It is recommended to contact the History & Genealogy desk before coming to visit, as items need to be pulled from secured collections.
These are a few examples of items found at the Connecticut State Library (CSL), with a focus on unique items.
Selected items to highlight our collection.
Freedom by the Sword by 
Employment of Negro Troops
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by A Different Mirror by
Lib Guides: "Describes the immigrant experiences of Japanese, African, Irish, and Jewish Americans, exposing the abuses suffered by Native Americans, slaves, and workers who built the country."
Five Black Lives by
LIBGUIDES: "Five Black Lives is a collection of ex-slave narratives which spans 150 years in time, from 1729 to 1870, and some thousands of miles in geographical area from Africa to Connecticut. The autobiographies include the lives of Venture Smith, a native of Africa who ended his days as a resident of East Haddam, Connecticut; James Mars, born a slave near Norfolk, Connecticut in 1790, and freed at twenty-five by state law; William Grimes, a native of Virginia, who became Connecticut's first known runway when he arrived in New Haven about 1808; G.W. Offley, from Maryland, who was bought free by his father and later settled in Hartford; and James L. Smith, of Virginia birth, who escaped from slavery and settled in Norwich, Connecticut."--Victor B. Howard, The New England Quarterly
These only a few suggestions. See also our complete list.
Many subscription databases require a card from the Connecticut State Library for remote access.
This section focuses on slavery in what is now U.S.A. Resources might be listed in other sections - such as, for example, Amistad.
First check our research guide:
Then check under the Law & Courts page.
See page under Law & Courts
Both African Americans serving in the military and their interactions with military.
Freedom by the Sword by 
The Negro in the American Revolution by Employment of Negro TroopsIntegration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by Following the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish American War in December of 1898, the United States took control of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
These are not all the significant court cases. This guide is based on past History Day topics researched at the Connecticut State Library.
See also boxes for specific cases.
See also resources for Amistad, Prudence Crandall, and Sheff v. O'Neill
See other boxes and pages for items already listed.
African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920 by
LibGuides: "Rosalyn Terborg-Penn draws from original documents to take a comprehensive look at the African American women who fought for the right to vote. She analyzes the women's own stories, and examines why they joined and how they participated in the U.S. women's suffrage movement. Not all African American women suffragists were from elite circles. Terborg-Penn finds representation by working-class and professional women, from all parts of the nation, Some employed radical, others conservative, means to gain the right to vote. Black women, however, were unified in working to use the ballot to improve not only their own status, but the lives of black people in their communities. Following the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, state governments in the South enacted policies which disfranchised African American women. Many white suffragists closed their eyes to these discriminatory acts. Terborg-Penn shows how every political and racial effort to keep African American women disfranchised met with their active resistance until black women finally achieved full citizenship."
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Resources for History Day.
These are only examples.
New England governments recognized tribes and conducted legal business with them during the Colonial Period, so that many historical documents are not under the Federal Government's Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), but with the colony and/or state. Ask a librarian for help with this.
Many of the documents regarding recognition of tribes in the State of Connecticut are held in the Law Vault.
Note on language: The Connecticut State Library has resources from many different time periods and historic language is reflected in them.
These are examples of some of the resources available from the Connecticut State Archives.
Much of this information is not available online. It is recommended to contact the History & Genealogy desk before coming to visit, as items need to be pulled from secured collections.
Learn how to request and use archival collections.
Subscription databases require a card from the Connecticut State Library for remote access.
These are only a few suggestions - it is always recommended to search our catalog for additional sources.
PLEASE note publication dates - historic items may contain some terms that today’s readers may consider obsolete and inappropriate.
An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by
"Today in the United States, there are more than five hundred federally-recognized Indigenous nations comprising nearly three million people, descendants of the fifteen million Native people who once inhabited this land. The centuries-long genocidal program of the US settler-colonial regimen has largely been omitted from history. Now historian and activist Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz offers a history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples and reveals how Native Americans, for centuries, actively resisted expansion of the US empire. In An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States, Dunbar-Ortiz challenges the founding myth of the United States and shows how policy against the Indigenous peoples was colonialist and designed to seize the territories of the original inhabitants, displacing or eliminating them. And as Dunbar-Ortiz reveals, this policy was praised in popular culture, through writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Walt Whitman, and in the highest offices of government and the military. As the genocidal policy reached its zenith under President Andrew Jackson, its ruthlessness was best articulated by US Army general Thomas S. Jesup, who, in 1836, wrote of the Seminoles: "The country can be rid of them only by exterminating them." Spanning more than four hundred years, this classic bottom-up peoples' history radically reframes US history and explodes the silences that have haunted our national narrative."--Publisher's description.
Treaties with American Indians: an Encyclopedia of Rights, Conflicts, and Sovereignty [3 Volumes] by Annual Reports for the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
Annual Reports for the Secretary of the Interior
Federal Indian law.
United States. Department of the Interior. Office of the Solicitor. ; Cohen, Felix S., 1907-1953.
Publication: Washington : United States Government Printing Office 1958
Connecticut State Library Law Vault KF8205 .C6 1958
Handbook of Federal Indian law : with reference tables and index
Cohen, Felix S., 1907-1953. ; Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952.; Margold, Nathan R.; United States. Department of the Interior. Office of the Solicitor.
Washington, D.C. : U. S. Govt. Printing Office 1942
Earlier editions also avaialble
Connecticut State Library Law Vault KF8205 .C6 1988
Cohen's handbook of federal Indian law.
Cohen, Felix S., 1907-1953. ; Newton, Nell Jessup.
San Francisco, CA : LexisNexis 2012
Earlier editions also available
Connecticut State Library Law Vault KF8205 .C6 2012 plus Pocket Part
Treaties with American Indians an encyclopedia of rights, conflicts, and sovereignty
Fixico, Donald Lee, 1951-
Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO c2008
Connecticut State Library Stacks KF8203.6 .T74 2008
The encyclopedia of Native American legal tradition
Johansen, Bruce E. (Bruce Elliott), 1950-
Westport, Conn : Greenwood Press 1998
Connecticut State Library Stacks KF8204 .E53 1998
Survey of Conditions of the Indians in the United States
1929
Online through HeinOnline American Indian Law Collection. Requires a library card from Connecticut State Library.
Survey of conditions of the Indians in the United States hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Indian affairs
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs.
Washington : U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1929-1944
Connecticut State Library Newspaper Room Microfiche E93 .U55 1929a
Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties (Kappler)
Online through HeinOnline American Indian Law Collection. Requires a library card from Connecticut State Library for remote access.
Indian affairs : laws and treaties
United States. ; Kappler, Charles Joseph, 1868-1946.; United States. Department of the Interior.
Washington : U.S. G.P.O. 1904-
Connecticut State Library Federal Documents I 1.107:6
Indian affairs : Laws and treaties
United States. ; Kappler, Charles Joseph, 1868-1946.; United States.
New York : AMS Press 1971, i.e. 1972
Connecticut State Library Stacks KF8203 1972
Supplement to Kappler's Indian affairs, laws and treaties : compiled federal regulations relating to Indians
United States. ; Kappler, Charles Joseph, 1868-1946.; United States.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior 1975
Connecticut State Library Federal Documents I 1.77:K 14
Kappler revisited : an index and bibliographic guide to American Indian treaties
Bernholz, Charles D. ; Kappler, Charles Joseph, 1868-1946.
Kenmore, N.Y. : Epoch Books c2003
Connecticut State Library Stacks KF8201.A1 B47 2003
A Different Mirror by
Lib Guides: "Describes the immigrant experiences of Japanese, African, Irish, and Jewish Americans, exposing the abuses suffered by Native Americans, slaves, and workers who built the country."
Annotated bibliographies list resources on a specific topic and include notes, or annotations, about the resource. They are not full text or research indexes. But they can be very helpful.
See also pages on Military.
These resources reflect Native Americans who served in the military, and their interactions with military.
Much of the information will be in our secured collections. Contacting the History & Genealogy Unit is recommended.
Check our guide:
This section is for when just "Pequot" is used, and not more specific names.
The Life of William Apess, Pequot by 
Revenge of the Pequots by On June 24, 2002, The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs Neal A. McCaleb gave final determination finds that there is a single tribe composed of the Eastern Pequot Tribe (petition #35) and the Paucatuck Eastern Pequot Tribe (petition #113). See link below.
Medicine Trail: the Life and Lessons of Gladys Tantaquidgeon by
"Blending autobiography and history with traditional knowledge and ways of life, Medicine Trail presents a collage of events in Gladys Tantaquidgeon's life. We see her childhood spent learning Mohegan ceremonies and healing methods at the hands of her tribal grandmothers, and her Ivy League education and career in the white-male-dominated field of anthropology. We also witness her travels to other Indian communities, acting as both an ambassador of her own tribe and an employee of the federal government's Bureau of Indian affairs. Finally we see Tantaquidgeon's return to her beloved Mohegan Hill, where she cofounded America's oldest Indian-run museum, carrying on her life's commitment to good medicine and the cultural continuance and renewal of all Indian nations." "Written in the Mohegan oral tradition, this book offers a unique insider's understanding of Mohegan and other Native American cultures while discussing the major policies and trends that have affected people throughout Indian Country in the twentieth century. A significant departure from traditional anthropological "as told to" American Indian autobiography, Medicine Trail represents a major contribution to anthropology, history, theology, women's studies, and Native American studies."--BOOK JACKET.
Governor and Company of Connecticut, and Moheagan Indian by Their Guardians
Uncas : First of the Mohegans by During the Pequot Wars, defeated tribes were dispersed and/or sent to Caribbean as well as enslaved by colonists.
See also Previous Topics guide.
A History of Connecticut's Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe by
LibGuides: "From triumphs to tragedies, A History of Connecticut's Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe vividly recounts the long lost history of southwestern Connecticut's Paugussett tribe. Since the arrival of Columbus, Native Americans have endured countless hardships. Like all of New England's indigenous people, western Connecticut's Paugussett tribe has suffered injustice and fought determinedly to preserve their cultural identity. In A History of Connecticut's Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe, author Charles Brilvitch passionately chronicles the tribe's struggles and fascinating history through the Victorian era to the present, and traces their traditions and ongoing determination to preserve an irreplaceable and vanishing culture."
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are some of the more general resources.
Please also search our catalog and see pages for specific topics and sub-topics, as well as school-specific pages.
See also pages under Military for women in the military and LGBLTQ pages for gender.
Women and the Law of Property in Early America by 
Women Before the Bar: Gender, Law, and Society in Connecticut, 1639-1789 by See guide on newspapers and Woman Suffrage for additional resources.
Some suggestion. Please see our full list:
As part of the 2020 Centennial observance of the 19th Amendment, the Connecticut State Library has endeavored to digitize items in the Connecticut State Library.
See also our research guide:
See also military pages in this guide, and other specific topics.
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by 
Daughters of the Union Northern Women Fight The Civil War by 
The Women's Army Corps by The Connecticut State Library (CSL) has access to federal information, although we may not subscribe to resources listed in other libraries' guides.
When listed call numbers are in the SuDoc classification system, they will often translate to CSL collection. Call numbers listed in other systems may not apply to CSL.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See also resources under Military and other topics.
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
Spanish speaking Americans in the war : the Southwest. by
Online access through our catalog.
Spanish and English.
Published anonymously. Written by Charles Olson and Ben Shahn (first book by Olson, who would later become a noted poet).
"[Ben] Shahn and [Charles] Olson collaborated in producing a bilingual pamphlet, Spanish Speaking Americans in the War. This was one of several OWI pamphlets meant to counter Axis propaganda encouraging minorities to question their stake in an American victory"--Daniel Belgrad, The Culture of Spontaneity: Improvisation and the Arts in Postwar America, 1998.
"Photos courtesy of Life Magazine; Denver News; U.S. Army; Office of War Information Bureau of Industrial Economics; Department of Agriculture.".
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
This is a research guide for History Day students.
For current services for Blind and Print Impaired, see
These are only some examples of resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
(lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, pansexual, etc.).
This describes a person's sexual orientation or gender.
For Lavender Scare and other topics, see page under Civil & Human Rights.
For specific people, check the History Day Previous Topics guide to see if they are listed.
The CT State Archives received her papers.
Biographical Note (from finding aid)
Betty Hudson, née Elizabeth Bagi, was born on March 5, 1931 in Port Chester, New York, along with her identical twin sister, Mary "Re-Re." She attended Stamford High School and Michigan State University, married Donald Hudson, and settled in Branford, Connecticut. The couple had two children, Todd and Leigh, and eventually relocated to Madison, Connecticut, where Hudson began her political career. In 1974, she legally changed her first name to "Betty."
The CT Archives finding aid includes the following:
Bibliography
Articles
Roessner, B. T. "Former State Senator Continues Her Crusades From Governor's Office," The Hartford Courant, November 11, 1979, p. 37.
Books
Love, B. J. Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
Websites
The Hartford Courant. Hudson, Betty: Obituary
The New Haven Register. Hudson, Donald and Doreen: Obituary
Roessner, B. T. "Former State Senator Continues Her Crusades From Governor's Office," The Hartford Courant, November 11, 1979, p. 37.
Love, B. J. Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
These are only a few suggestions - there are many others that may have relevant articles, especially newspapers.
Subscription databases may require use within the Connecticut State Library (CSL) building, or a CSL library card.
Be sure to check researchIT CT databases that, depending on the database grouping, may be accessed with your school ID, a card from a CT public library, or a CSL library card.
These are guides created by other libraries. The Connecticut State Library will have many of the federal documents listed (if any are listed). You most likely will not be able to access any of the subscription databases listed by other libraries.
Also check the general History Day guide. There are numerous resources listed there that won't be repeated here.
Gays in Uniform
Ask and Tell by
LIBGUIDES: "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was the directive of President Clinton's 1993 military policy regarding gay and lesbian soldiers. This official silence continued a collective amnesia about the patriotic service and courageous sacrifices of homosexual troops. Ask and Tell recovers these lost voices, offering a rich chronicle of the history of gay and lesbian service in the U.S. military from World War II to the Iraq War. Drawing on more than 50 interviews with gay and lesbian veterans, Steve Estes charts the evolution of policy toward homosexuals in the military over the past 65 years, uncovering the ways that silence about sexuality and military service has affected the identities of gay veterans. These veteran voices--harrowing, heroic, and on the record--reveal the extraordinary stories of ordinary Americans, men and women who simply did their duty and served their country in the face of homophobia, prejudice, and enemy fire. Far from undermining national security, unit cohesion, or troop morale, Estes demonstrates, these veterans strengthened the U.S. military in times of war and peace. He also examines challenges to the ban on homosexual service, placing them in the context of the wider movement for gay rights and gay liberation. Ask and Tell is an important compilation of unheard voices, offering Americans a new understanding of the value of all the men and women who serve and protect them."
In July 2021, the Census Bureau began collecting information on the sexual orientation and gender identity of respondents to its Household Pulse Survey. Not all surveys collect this information, making it complex to compare data across surveys without advanced statistical analysis. Remember that terminology changed over time. Finding historic data may prove to be difficult.
These are a few suggested resources - you might want to explore information linked off these pages. Most resources report fairly current statistics, which may help when putting your research in context.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See also Genocide page under Civil & Human Rights section for resources on the Holocaust.
A Different Mirror by
Lib Guides: "Describes the immigrant experiences of Japanese, African, Irish, and Jewish Americans, exposing the abuses suffered by Native Americans, slaves, and workers who built the country."
You can check our newspaper collections - and Chronicling American has a collection of historic Jewish newspapers
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See also Previous Topics guide to see resources on other countries (for example, Taiwan Independence Movement).
These are only a sampling of items.
See page under Civil Rights
See archived research guides as well. These are only a few examples.
Following the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish American War in December of 1898, the United States took control of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only a few suggestions. See also our complete list of databases.
Many subscription databases require a card from the Connecticut State Library for remote access.
For topics relating to education, try searching:
Gallaudet University: Widening Horizons for the Deaf - scroll down for history
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet on Language and Communication: A Reassessment. by Fernandes, James J. American Annals of the Deaf, v128 n4 p467-73 Aug 1983 Materials written by T. H. Gallaudet on the subject of sign language and communication are reviewed that indicate that some of his ideas regarding the use of sign language in teaching deaf students may have been partially misunderstood. (Author/SW) ERIC Number: EJ288256 CT State Library's subscription doesn't go this far
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These examples are selected from previous History Day research topics and are only a sample of our resources. This is for history and not current immigration topics.
Be sure to check data of publications. Some of these sources are older, reflecting thinking of a previous time. Older books and government documents reflect the thinking of the time.
Guarding the Golden Door by
LibGuides: "The federal government's efforts to pick and choose among the multitude of immigrants seeking to enter the United States began with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Conceived in ignorance and falsely presented to the public, it had undreamt of consequences, and this pattern has been rarely deviated from since. As renowned historian Roger Daniels shows in this brilliant new work, America's inconsistent, often illogical, and always cumbersome immigration policy has profoundly affected ourrecent past.Immigration policy in Daniels' skilled hands shows Americans at their best and worst, from the nativist violence that forced Theodore Roosevelt's 1907 "gentlemen's agreement" with Japan to the generous refugee policies adopted after World War Two and throughout the Cold War. And in a conclusion drawn from today's headlines, Daniels makes clear how far ignorance, partisan politics, and unintended consequences have overtaken immigration policy during the current administration's War on Terror.Irreverent, deeply informed, and authoritative, Guarding the Golden Door presents an unforgettable interpretation of modern American history."
The Face of the Nation by
LibGuide: "This innovative work provides both a historical account of the crazy-quilt of legislation dealing with immigration that Congress has passed over the years and a theoretical explanation, building on the "new institutionalism," of how these laws came to be passed. The author shows why immigration is a uniquely revealing policy arena in which a polity chooses what it will be, a collective decision that shapes a nation's identity and defines itself. The book focuses on three aspects of immigration policy: the regulation of admission to the United States for permanent residency, the regulation of admission of people fleeing political repression, and the efforts to cope with the flow of unsanctioned migrants across the U.S.-Mexico border. It identifies the most puzzling features of contemporary immigration policy, asking, Where do these policies come from? Why do they have their special characteristics? The author seeks the answers in modern theories of public policy formation, especially the currently popular new institutionalism. He offers an enhanced version of this approach, which he calls "improvisational institutionalism," and applies it to the paradoxes of immigration policy."
Making Americans by
LibGuides: "In the nineteenth century, virtually anyone could get into the United States. But by the 1920s, U.S. immigration policy had become a finely filtered regime of selection. Desmond King looks at this dramatic shift, and the debates behind it, for what they reveal about the construction of an "American" identity. Specifically, the debates in the three decades leading up to 1929 were conceived in terms of desirable versus undesirable immigrants. This not only cemented judgments about specific European groups but reinforced prevailing biases against groups already present in the United States, particularly African Americans, whose inferior status and second-class citizenship--enshrined in Jim Crow laws and embedded in pseudo-scientific arguments about racial classifications--appear to have been consolidated in these decades. Although the values of different groups have always been recognized in the United States, King gives the most thorough account yet of how eugenic arguments were used to establish barriers and to favor an Anglo-Saxon conception of American identity, rejecting claims of other traditions. Thus the immigration controversy emerges here as a significant precursor to recent multicultural debates. Making Americans shows how the choices made about immigration policy in the 1920s played a fundamental role in shaping democracy and ideas about group rights in America."
Lobbying for Inclusion by
Catalog: "The 1965 passage of immigration reform, which removed racial quotas, generated a mass immigration to the United States from Latin America and Asia. This wave of immigration began in the immediate aftermath of the civil rights era and it led to the formation of a new set of ethnic advocacy groups in American politics."
LibGuides:"In every decade since passage of the Hart Cellar Act of 1965, Congress has faced conflicting pressures: to restrict legal immigration and to provide employers with unregulated access to migrant labor. Lobbying for Inclusion shows that in these debates immigrant rights groups advocated a surprisingly moderate course of action: expansionism was tempered by a politics of inclusion. Rights advocates supported generous family unification policies, for example, but they opposed proposals that would admit large numbers of guest workers without providing a clear path to citizenship. As leaders of pro-immigrant coalitions, Latino and Asian American rights advocates were highly effective in influencing immigration lawmakers even before their constituencies gained political clout in the voting booth. Success depended on casting rights demands in universalistic terms, while leveraging their standing as representatives of growing minority populations."
A Different Mirror by
Lib Guides: "Describes the immigrant experiences of Japanese, African, Irish, and Jewish Americans, exposing the abuses suffered by Native Americans, slaves, and workers who built the country."
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
This guide offers suggested starting points and resources when researching with Connecticut state and federal government information. The page on General Resources for Student Research may also help.
The primary audience is intended to be History Day students, although teachers, parents and other researchers may find this useful as well.
Many topics in the field of education will overlap with other social sciences (psychology, sociology, etc.) as well as social services (aid to the poor, mental health, etc.). It is hard to separate them out at times.
The scanned Archives finding aid for RG010, Department of Education, includes a brief history of education in Connecticut.
These are some topics that have been researched at the CT State library in the past.
These are a few examples. Please search our library catalog and archival finding aids, or contact the library for reference help.
The Connecticut State Library may has these resources and/or related resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only some of the many resources available. The focus is remote access, when possible. There are resources for students studying Education as a topic, as well as resources for teachers and other educators.
Didn't find what you were looking for? You might want to search these resources. Check your search terms for historic context.
See Law & Courts and its sub-pages, as well as specific people in Previous Topics Guide.
These are just some items in the Connecticut State Archives Collection. These Finding Aids might offer a glimpse into resources in our secured State Archives Collections. Many times, you may find relevant resources in other record groups. You can ask our History & Genealogy reference for more ideas.
Archives are part of CSL SECURED COLLECTIONS. Please read:
See also specific town archives.
These are just some examples.
Many items do not circulate. Contact a librarian for assistance.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Here are links to external sites that include lesson plans according their own descriptions.
Lesson plans often link to resources for research.
Note: The Library of Congress has completely reorganized the Teachers section of their website. Some links might go to a more general page than originally planned for this guide. Some resources were removed or redone.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See the separate page on Sheff v. O'Neill.
USCourts.gov Website list these cases as examples of landmark cases:
Several cases were consolidated for trial. You may need to research the other cases for records & briefs and other primary sources.
These are only a few resources selected for a previous year's competition. Our Law Desk may be of assistance for more of our resources.
Subscription databases require a card specifically from the Connecticut State Library. Some databases must be used on site.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Sheff v. O'Neill is a 1989 lawsuit and the subsequent 1996 Connecticut Supreme Court case. The matter had a judge approve settlement on January 10, 2020.
These are a sample of resources at the Connecticut State Library (CSL). Contact the Law Desk for assistance.
These are only a few examples of resources at the Connecticut State Library (CSL).
Sheff v. O'Neill, 238 Conn. 1, 678 A. 2d 1267
These are some suggestions. You might also search our catalog and CT-N web site's archive search.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
This is only a few examples. The Connecticut State Library (CSL) has many more resources. Use our Contact Us page to reach out to our Law Librarians and/or History & Genealogy Librarians.
The focus is on U.S. and Connecticut. Check our main research guides and History Day Previous Topics for possible other legal topics (ex. Apartheid).
See Law Unit's guides.
These are only examples of the Connecticut State Library's subscription databases. Most require a card from us in order to have remote access. See our complete list:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only a few examples of resources at the Connecticut State Library (CSL). Many of the resources are not online, and are in restricted collections (must be used on site at CSL) that should be requested in advance by contacting the History & Genealogy Unit (860-757-6580).
See Demographic Groups page and our research guide:
These are examples of some of the resources available from the Connecticut State Archives.
Much of this information is not available online. It is recommended to contact the History & Genealogy desk before coming to visit, as items need to be pulled from secured collections.
The Amistad Rebellion by Below are some examples of federal documents.
In Senate of the United States. February 19, 1851. Submitted, and ordered to be printed. Mr. Mason made the following report: (To accompany Bill S. No. 471.) The Committee on Foreign Relations, to whom was referred the resolution of the Senate instructing them "to inquire into the propriety of providing by law, pursuant to the recommendation of President Polk, in his message of the seventh December, eighteen hundred and forty seven, for payment of the claim there mentioned as arising to certain Spanish claimants in the 'Amistad case,' " have had the same under consideration, and submit the following report...
| Date | February 19, 1851 |
| Session | 31st Congress, 2nd Session |
| Volume | Serial Set Vol. No. 593, Session Vol. No.1 |
| Document | S.Rpt. 301 |
Schooner Amistad. June 24, 1846.
| Date | June 24, 1846 |
| Session | 29th Congress, 1st Session |
| Volume | Serial Set Vol. No. 491, Session Vol. No.4 |
| Document | H.Rpt. 753 |
Schooner Amistad. (To accompany Bill H.R. No. 328.) April 10, 1844.
| Date | April 10, 1844 |
| Session | 28th Congress, 1st Session |
| Volume | Serial Set Vol. No. 446, Session Vol. No.2 |
| Document | H.Rpt. 426 |
Schooner Amistad. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting sundry letters between the Department of State and the Chevalier d'Argaiz, on the subject of the schooner "Amistad." February 28, 1842. Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
| Date | February 28, 1842 |
| Session | 27th Congress, 3rd Session |
| Volume | Serial Set Vol. No. 422, Session Vol. No.5 |
| Document | H.Doc. 191 |
Black MutinyPlease be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Focus on the New Haven trials. This is on an example of our resources.
See other research guides, as well as other History Day pages.
Check our newspaper collection - several older ones have been digitized. Use the research guide to find them. Also search our catalog and check Chronicling America for additional items.
A View from the Sixties by 
African American Connecticut Explored by
Requires a card from CSL for online access through our catalog, Primo.
Murder in the Model City by 
Letter to the Alumni by Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Sheff v. O'Neill is a 1989 lawsuit and the subsequent 1996 Connecticut Supreme Court case. The matter had a judge approve settlement on January 10, 2020.
These are a sample of resources at the Connecticut State Library (CSL). Contact the Law Desk for assistance.
These are only a few examples of resources at the Connecticut State Library (CSL).
Sheff v. O'Neill, 238 Conn. 1, 678 A. 2d 1267
These are some suggestions. You might also search our catalog and CT-N web site's archive search.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
This guide is to replace previous archived History Day guides organized by year.
Information will be organized by topic.
Please check the general History Day Guide first (link below). Items will not necessarily be repeated here if listed on that guide.
Links are NOT maintained on archived guides. You mat need to check the WayBack Machine (link below).
If you have suggestions for content being under additional topics, please reach out to us or ask your teacher to reach out to us.
If resources have been added to main guide, they might be deleted from here. Check that guide too.
This is a "scratch pad" for librarians to save ideas - it is not a fully developed research guide (hence its status is private and not published). It is also for the teachers to refer back to in order to help students remember sources consulted when at the CT State Library. Teachers are welcome to send feedback to Jenny Groome.
Included here are selected resources that may help History Day students who visit the Connecticut State Library to conduct research. Often a box from a previous year might be included in a related topic. This guide is for the current year - and each year the previous guide should be changed to an "archived" (unofficial, loose use of "archive") version and the new topics will be included here. The URL for current year will remain https://libguides.ctstatelibrary.org/historyday
Items here are only suggestions to get them started - we do not know the details of the research.
To students who might see this page: You are the researcher; you pick the focus.
We are only listing a few of the possible resources at the Connecticut State Library, based on a broad subject. It may be of help, or not. We'll figure that out during your field trip.
If you need help (especially with focusing): speak with your teacher; check with school librarian; consult judge's comments on how to improve your project; seek out official History Day websites; let us know your focus and areas requiring more research.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Welcome to our updated research guide for Connecticut History Day research.
This page will give a short overview for History Day researchers new to the Connecticut State Library (CSL). Please see other pages in this research guide for detailed information (left navigation bar on computers, location may vary on mobile devices). Sometimes you will be sent to a separate guide and may need to use your browser's "back button" to return to this research guide. Tip: bookmark the main page - even when content changes, the main URL will remain the same.
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) is a Connecticut state agency with several divisions beyond the library located in Hartford that many people think of when CSL comes to mind. For a brief overview of the state agency, see our handout:
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) has numerous collections for research. While our resources cover many topics besides Connecticut, the focus is on Connecticut. Below is a short explanation of selected collections for History Day students. For a list of all our collections, see:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
The focus of the Museum and its collections is Connecticut’s government, military and industrial history. Permanent and changing exhibits trace the growth of the State and its role in the development of the nation from the Colonial era to the present.
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by 
Aspects of Leadership: Ethics, Law, and Spirituality by
GPO: "Aspects of Leadership brings together scholars from different disciplines and practitioners from a broad variety of backgrounds to address three key areas: Ethics, Law, and Spirituality. Aspects of Leadership intends to inform leaders, and the general public, about the challenges of ethical decision making, the application of the law of war and the important role of spirituality in the battlefield. Essays are about ethics and armed conflict in the 21st Century."
Uniform Insignia of the United States Military Forces by Red Cross Annex.
Cars are loaded with Red Cross comfort bags at the Red Cross Annex on Farmington Avenue. The comfort bags were filled with treats and other necessities. The Annex was the former home of Jonathan Niles.
This guide covers military and war events prior to the U.S. Revolutionary period - mostly that took place in area now known as the State of Connecticut. The concept of military is loosely applied.
The Connecticut State Library recognizes language can be problematic, especially historic language. Historic writings often include language that would be considered charged and/or offensive today. We often look to standards within librarianship. Researching this time period often requires variation in spelling and terms (ex. wars or warres).
Research on this topic will, most likely, involve extensive use of our History & Genealogy resources, as well as Archives and federal documents. See sure to check our general guides, as that information will not be repeated here.
These are only a few examples.
Often online access is available through our library catalog - scroll down for links.
Brethren by Nature by
LibGuides description: "In Brethren by Nature, Margaret Ellen Newell reveals a little-known aspect of American history: English colonists in New England enslaved thousands of Indians. Massachusetts became the first English colony to legalize slavery in 1641, and the colonists' desire for slaves shaped the major New England Indian wars, including the Pequot War of 1637, King Philip's War of 1675-76, and the northeastern Wabanaki conflicts of 1676-1749. When the wartime conquest of Indians ceased, New Englanders turned to the courts to get control of their labor, or imported Indians from Florida and the Carolinas, or simply claimed free Indians as slaves. Drawing on letters, diaries, newspapers, and court records, Newell recovers the slaves' own stories and shows how they influenced New England society in crucial ways. Indians lived in English homes, raised English children, and manned colonial armies, farms, and fleets, exposing their captors to Native religion, foods, and technology. Some achieved freedom and power in this new colonial culture, but others experienced violence, surveillance, and family separations. Newell also explains how slavery linked the fate of Africans and Indians. The trade in Indian captives connected New England to Caribbean and Atlantic slave economies. Indians labored on sugar plantations in Jamaica, tended fields in the Azores, and rowed English naval galleys in Tangier. Indian slaves outnumbered Africans within New England before 1700, but the balance soon shifted. Fearful of the growing African population, local governments stripped Indian and African servants and slaves of legal rights and personal freedoms. Nevertheless, because Indians remained a significant part of the slave population, the New England colonies did not adopt all of the rigid racial laws typical of slave societies in Virginia and Barbados. Newell finds that second- and third-generation Indian slaves fought their enslavement and claimed citizenship in cases that had implications for all enslaved peoples in eighteenth-century America."
Much of the information will be in our secured collections. Contacting the History & Genealogy Unit is recommended.
Check our guide:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
See new guide page
Also check specific people in the Previous Topics guide.
Many record groups may have relevant information. This guide offers just a few examples.
The Negro in the American Revolution by Local libraries, historical societies and museums can be helpful.
While Connecticut-born Benedict Arnold is best known for his treason, he was first a hero of the Revolutionary War.
See also previous topics:
Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero by
From our catalog: "Bendict Arnold stands on one of the most vilified figures in American history. Stories of his treason have so come to define him that his name, like that of Judas, is virtually synonymous with treason. Yet Arnold was one of the most heroic and remarkable individuals of his time, indeed in all of American history. A brilliant military leader of un-common bravery, Arnold poured his all into the Revolutionary cause, sacrificing his family life, health, and financial well-being for a conflict that left him physically crippled, sullied by false accusations, and profoundly alienated from the American cause of liberty. Distinguished historian James Kirby Martin's landmark biography, the result of a decade's labor, stands as an invaluable antidote to this historical distortion. Careful not to endow the Revolutionary generation with mythical proportions of virtue, Martin shows how self-serving, venal behavior was just as common in the Revolutionary era as in our own time. Arnold, a deeply committed patriot, suffered acutely because of his lack of political savvy in dealing with those who attacked his honor and reputation. Tracing Arnold's life from his difficult childhood through his grueling winter trek across the howling Maine wilderness, his valiant defense of Lake Champlain, and his crucial role in the Quebec and Saratoga campaigns, Martin has given us a whole new perspective on this dramatic and exceptional figure, set against the tumultuous background of the American Revolution."
Revolutionary Women and how the role of women changed during and after the War.
These are only a few examples.
Not everyone in the colonies supported independence from England. Those who remained loyal to England were called Loyalists or Tories.
See also guide pages:
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
The Connecticut State Library recognizes language can be problematic, especially historic language. Historic writings often include language that would be considered charged and/or offensive today. We often look to standards within librarianship. Researching this time period often requires variation in spelling and terms.
These are just some resources. Check with History & Genealogy too.
These are a few suggested titles. Check our library catalog for more.
Reliable and Religious by
Online in HathiTrust
From the Back Cover: "Army chaplains in the War of 1812 were a diverse group of dedicated clergymen. They marched with the troops, fought Indians and the British, and ministered to their troops. Some chaplains showed Christian compassion to British prisoners of war. Many of the chaplains served far from home for extended periods of time. Other chaplains served in their hometowns for only a few days or a couple of weeks. Religiously, the chaplains represented every Protestant denomination in America in the early nineteenth century. They were a committed group of clergy dedicated to freedom from what they perceived as British oppression. Some chaplains were regular army, but most were militia chaplains. Some of these military clergymen were injured, wounded, or died while on military orders. Their story of providing religious strength and support to the fledgling American Army is here told for the first time."
The British Raid on EssexAlso called the New England Convention. December 15, 1814 through January 5, 1815, delegates from New England states met for several weeks to draw up amendments to the US Constitution. The delegate were Federalists and their opposition to the War of 1812 had repercussions for the Federalist Party. The Hartford Convention did not consider secession, but was accused of this. The Federalist Party's stance on the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention impacted their political power and the Connecticut Constitution of 1818.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only a few suggestions.
Be sure to search our catalog and databases.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Be sure to try different terms when researching this topic.
Be sure to check our main research guides.
These are just a few examples, other record groups from the time period may contain relevant information.
These are only a few examples.
Freedom by the Sword by 
The Civil War: the First Year Told by Those Who Lived It
LibGuides: "The first volume in a four-volume series on the American Civil War-featuring first-hand writings from Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Abraham Lincoln, and more After 150 years the Civil War is still our greatest national drama, at once heroic, tragic, and epic-our Iliad, but also our Bible, a story of sin and judgment, suffering and despair, death and resurrection in a "new birth of freedom." Drawn from letters, diaries, speeches, articles, poems, songs, military reports, legal opinions, and memoirs,The Civil War- The First Yeargathers over 120 pieces by more than sixty participants to create a unique firsthand narrative of this great historical crisis. Beginning on the eve of Lincoln's election in November 1860 and ending in January 1862 with the appointment of Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war, this volume presents writing by figures well-known-Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Mary Chesnut, Frederick Douglass, and Lincoln himself among them-and less familiar, like proslavery advocate J.D.B. DeBow, Lieutenants Charles B. Haydon of the 2nd Michigan Infantry and Henry Livermore Abbott of the 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and plantation mistresses Catherine Edmondston of North Carolina and Kate Stone of Mississippi. Together, the selections provide a powerful sense of the immediacy, uncertainty, and urgency of events as the nation was torn asunder. Includes headnotes, a chronology of events, biographical and explanatory endnotes, full-color hand-drawn endpaper maps, and an index. Companion volumes will gather writings from the second, third, and final years of the conflict. LIBRARY OF AMERICAis an independent nonprofit cultural organization founded in 1979 to preserve our nation's literary heritage by publishing, and keeping permanently in print, America's best and most significant writing. The Library of America series includes more than 300 volumes to date, authoritative editions that average 1,000 pages in length, feature cloth covers, sewn bindings, and ribbon markers, and are printed on premium acid-free paper that will last for centuries."
Daughters of the Union Northern Women Fight The Civil War by These are only a few examples.
The Connecticut State Library and the Museum of Connecticut History have a few diaries of people who were at Andersonville.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
The United States intervened in 1914 and 1916.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
Following the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish American War in December of 1898, the United States took control of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only some suggestions for the many topics you can research at the Connecticut State Library (CSL).
See additional pages in this guide for related topics.
Note: Before World War II (WWII), World War I (WWI) was called The Great War, The War to End All Wars, The World War and other such names. It was not called WWI until after there was a second world war. Be sure to use variations in your subject terms when researching.
These are some examples.
The United States Marine Corps in the World War by
GPO: "In 1919, then-Major Edwin N. McClellan was charged with researching and writing the official history of Marines in the First World War. The United States Marine Corps in the World War was first published in 1920, and reprinted in 1968 by the Historical Division. The 2015 reprint includes additional information on key leaders as well as images not included in the 1920 or 1968 editions. McClellan, the History Division’s first director, described his work in the explanatory note, stating that “this brief history has been prepared for the purpose of acquainting both the personnel of the service and the public with the general facts concerning the United States Marine Corps in the World War.” McClellan’s basic reasoning behind the publication has remained the primary mission of the History Division to this date.
This centennial reprint is the inaugural publication in the History Division’s U.S. Marines in World War I Centennial Commemorative Series. Additional works will be published through 2018 and include battle studies, research aids, and articles on various aspects of Marine Corps participation in the war."
The Connecticut State Library (CSL) does not subscribe to the same paid databases, and access to some resources on other libraries' guides may not be available. A library card from CSL is required to access our subscription databases that have remote access. Many U.S. federal documents listed on the guides below will be available at CSL.
This is to just give some examples and ideas.
The "State Defense Council is Connecticut Agency of Federal Government. Appointed by Governor Marcus H. Holcomb to Mobilize State's Resources for War and Make Them Available to United States - It is Official Connecticut Arm of Council of National Defense." (Connecticut Bulletin, Vol. 1, no.1. July 13, 1917, p.1). The Council of National Defense was established by an act of Congress August 29, 1916. On April 26, 1917 Governor Holcomb issued a proclamation that appointed people to the newly formed state level council. His authority to do so came from Chapter 44 of the Public Acts of 1917. County and town auxiliary committees were also formed. More detail can be found in Connecticut Bulletin, Vol. 1, no.1. July 13, 1917 (ConnDoc St291c).
Be sure to check our catalog and digital collections for more resources. Those selected below focus on the 2021 theme of communication, for the most part. Many items have been digitized.
The Committee on Public Information (CPI) is often called the Creel Committee, after Chairman George Creel. Sometimes it is called the Public Information Commission. Try searching additional terms as a phrase.
The National Archives site (NARA) states (see link below): "The Committee on Public Information (CPI) was established by Executive Order 2594 as an independent agency in April 1917. The Committee consisted of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, and the Secretary of the Navy as ex officio members. Its functions were to release news of the government, issue information to sustain domestic morale, and to publicize America abroad. Domestic activities were discontinued after the Armistice in November 1918 and foreign operations were discontinued in June 1919."
Executive Order 3154 obsoletes Executive Order 2594 of April 14, 1917, which created the Committee on Public Information.
According to Words That Won the War (1939, see link below for more details), only about 25 % of the records of the CPI survived to be transferred to NARA (National Archives) in 1937 and "The Committee was so widespread in its ramifications that the collection touches nearly all phases of American and world affairs for the years 1917 to 1919." (p.viii).
The CPI had a foreign division and a home front division. Chronicling America might be a good resource to see how CPI put its message forth in newspapers.
Related: Woodrow Wilson, Military Intelligence Branch, Four Minute Men.
Note: Before World War II (WWII), World War I (WWI) was called The Great War, The War to End All Wars, The World War , and other such names. It was not called WWI until after there was a second world war. Be sure to use variations in your subject terms when researching.
Be sure to search our catalog for Committee on Public Information. These are only a few examples of what we have.
Not all of our older documents are in our library catalog, so please contact us if you are looking for a specific federal publication or need help finding older state and/or federal documents.
See also pages for Women and Women in the Military
These are a few examples.
See other boxes as well, especially the Creel Committee and Connecticut State Council of Defense.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only some examples. See sub-pages for related topics.
See also: the page for Demographic Groups in the Military section; Genocide under Civil & Human Rights page; and History Day Previous Topics guide.
This is only a very small sample of resources. See specific topics too.
Many of the federal documents highlighted by the Government Publishing Office (GPO) may be available at the Connecticut State Library or other FDLP libraries.
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by These are a few examples.
These are guides from other libraries. The Connecticut State Library may have many of the federal documents listed on these guides. Most likely you will not have access to most of the subscription databases listed. A library card from the Connecticut State Library (CSL) is required to access our subscription databases that offer remote access through our use license.
There may be useful links to freely accessible web information.
Active in WWI mostly. See also WWI page on this guide.
Created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt for World War II (WWII) on June 13, 1942 by Executive Order 9182 and in existence until 1945. It consolidated several government organizations into one. Journalist Elmer Davis was tapped to head the OWI. Like the Committee on Public Information (CPI), the OWI had both foreign and domestic divisions. OWI established Voice of America (VOA) and the Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP) worked with Hollywood film makers.
Many scientific advances came out of WWII. Some projects are better known than others, such as the Manhattan Project or Bat Bombs.
See previous topic guide too.
These are just some of the resources available. Also search our catalog and databases.
The library has extensive resources, search our library catalog.
These are guides from other libraries. The Connecticut State Library (CSL) may have the U.S. Government Documents listed, but most likely would not have access to subscription databases listed. Other libraries in your area may, or may not, have access to subscription databases. A CSL library card is required for remotes access to our subscription databases.
See archived research guides as well. These are only a few examples.
See other sections of this guide as well. These are only a few examples of resources available.
Employment of Negro TroopsIntegration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by See also the section of this guide on Women in the Military.
American Women in a World at War by
LIBGUIDES: "This title brings together twenty-five writings by women who share their rich and varied World War II experiences, from serving in the military to working on the home front to preparing for the postwar world. By providing evidence of their active and resourceful roles in the war effort as workers, wives, and mothers, these women offer eloquent testimony that World War II was indeed everybody's war. Litoff and Smith combine pieces by well-known writers, such as Margaret Culkin Banning and Nancy Wilson Ross, with important-but largely forgotten-personal accounts by ordinary women living in extraordinary times. This volume is divided into the six sections listed below: Preparing for War In the Military At 'Far-Flung' Fronts On the Home Front War Jobs Preparing for the Postwar World"
Since You Went Away by
LIBGUIDES: ""Last night Mel and I were talking about some of the adjustments we''ll have to make to our husbands'' return. I must admit I''m not exactly the same girl you left-I''m twice as independent as I used to be and to top it off, I sometimes think I''ve become ''hard as nails''. . . . Also--more and more I''ve been living exactly as I want to . . . I do as I damn please." [These tough words from the wife of a soldier show that World War Ii changed much more than just international politics.] "From a fascinating collection of letters, filled with wonderfully distinctive human stories, Judy Barrett Litoff and David C. Smith have shpaed a rare and brilliant book that transports the reader back in time to an unforgettable era."--Doris Kearns Goodwin, author of The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys and Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream. "This is a wonderful volume, full of admirable women struggling in a difficult situation, doing their best for their families and their country. Ah, the memories it brings back! Highly recommended for those who lived through the war, and for those who want to understand it."--Stephen E. Ambrose, author of Eisenhower and D-Day, June 6, 1944 "Offering a remarkable view into the lives of ordinary women during wartime, this book will enlighten and catch at the hearts of general readers and cause historians to reconsider how women experienced World War II."-Susan M. Hartmann, author of The Home Front and Beyond. "From among 25,000 of an estimated six billion letters sent overseas during World War II, Litoff and Smith have culled and skillfully edited a sampling by 400 American women. These letters, starting with one to a seaman wounded at Pearl Harbor, are compelling documents of home-front life in varied ethnic, cultural, and financial milieus. Tragic, touching, and funny, the correspondence is full of prosaic news and gossip about jobs and neighbors, along with accounts of births and intimate allusions to love-making. The stress of separation was intensified for women whose loved ones were hospitalized, or imprisoned as either conscientious objectors or security risks. Some women wrote General MacArthur and others for news of missing men or to obtain details of their deaths. Many of these heartrending documents also express acceptance-and even pride-in the sacrifices required by war."--Publishers Weekly. "Other scholars of WW II have published letters written home by servicemen, but this is the first collection sampling the letters written by sisters, sweethearts, wives, and mothers, saved by thousands of servicemen. Chapters are organized around themes that were important to these women: courtship, marriage, motherhood, work, sacrifices. . . . What women tell readers in these letters about their concerns and their wartime feelings will cause historians [readers?] to rethink what has been written about the homefront."--Choice. "Despite the popular appeal of Rosie the Riveter, nine out of ten mothers with children under six were not in the labor force, which helps to account for the vast outpouring of mail from the home front to ''our boys'' in the European and Pacific theaters. Some couples wrote every day for four years. This is the rich historic documentation that the authors have drawn upon to create a panoramic pastiche of indefatigable, energetic, patriotic female letter writers in the war years. . . . One is struck by the hard-headed practicality of many of the letters-stories of plucky, sometimes even grumpy, coping. There are letters of growing independence, with strong and at times explicit indication that the boyfriend or husband will be facing a very different woman upon his return from the one he ''knew'' when he disembarked for his own, often terrible, venture. . . . Every war leaves mothers with broken hearts. What this volume most remarkably demonstrates is just how prepared American women on the home front were for that dread eventuality."--Jean Bethke Elshtain in the Journal of American History. "Fascinating and often heartbreaking letters. . . . The letters illuminate a time when sex roles were first showing the changes that would culminate in the women''s movement. ''I must admit I''m not exactly the same girl you left,'' Edith Speert wrote to her husband, Victor, in 1945. ''I''m twice as independent as I used t be, and I sometimes think I''ve become hard as nails. I don''t think my changes will affect our relationship.''. . . In the end, it is the small human dramas in these letters that stand out. Anne Gudis, miffed to distraction by her soldier-swain Sam Kramer, writes what may be the shortest Dear John on record: ''Mr. Kramer: Go to hell! With love, Anne Gudis.'' A woman working at a Honolulu nightclub assures a pilot that she''ll wait for him-until she''s 20. The wife of an Air Corps navigator reads in a news story that only 15 of 1,500 Allied bombers were lost in a raid over Europe and later learns that her husband died in one of the 15. And a grieving mother whose son died in the Pacific asks Gen. Douglas MacArthur, in desperation, ''Please general he was a good boy, wasn''t he? Did he die a hard death?''"--Smithsonian. "''They made it possible for me to retain my sanity in an insane world,'' wrote one pilot about the letters his wife sent him throughout World War II. The letters contained in this collection explain the soldier''s sentiments. Whether full of passionate longing for a missing sweetheart or merely detailing domestic gossip, the letters offer a rich introduction to how American women experienced the war. Since military authorities ordered soldiers not to keep any letters written them by their loved ones, the authors have done a magnificent service in obtaining letters that soldiers either surreptitiously hid or whose authors copied them before sending them on."--Library Journal."
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by For items in subscription databases, a card for the Connecticut State Library is required.
First is a link to the entire database. Then there is a link to specific items, if that is possible. You will need to enter your CSL library card to access these online. Most congressional documents are available in the library and at other FDLP libraries near you. Contact us for help.
These are only a few suggestions. It is always recommended to search our library catalog.
Ethics of Research Involving Human Subjects by 
Medical Experimentation : Personal Integrity and Social Policy by These are only a few suggested search terms that might help you find information in our library catalog.
Medical ethics
Medicine, Experimental -- Law and legislation
Human experimentation in medicine
Human experimentation in medicine -- Moral and ethical aspects
Human experimentation in medicine -- Social aspects
Social control
These are only a few suggested sources. It is always recommended that you search our library catalog and databases.
Technically, Congress never declared this a war.
These are only a few examples of numerous resources.
These are only a few examples of our numerous resources.
The Greene Papers
GPO: "During the Vietnam War for the First Time in History the Marine Corps Commandant Served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Greene Papers is an edited version of the personal papers of Gen. Wallace M. Greene, Jr., who served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the height of the Vietnam War. "The Vietnam War was the first major American war in which the Commandant of the Marine Corps served as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the critical years leading up to the conflict and the entire duration of the conflict.
For the first time, a Marine Corps Commandant was tasked with making strategic decisions on the same level as the Joint Chiefs of the Air Force, Army, and Navy. As a result, a volume examining the Marine Corps' leadership before and during the war strengthens our understanding of how the Commandant approached and balanced his traditional duties as a Service chief with the new responsibility of serving as a military advisor to the commander in chief, President Johnson."
The Battle Behind Bars: Navy and Marine POWs in the Vietnam WarSee also:
A Culture of Secrecy by
LIBGUIDE: "The government is hiding information from its citizens-or so most Americans believe. While even some members of Congress now call for greater access to classified documents, federal agencies continue to withhold a massive amount of information in the name of national security, maintaining a culture of secrecy rooted in the Cold War. This new book examines who in government is hiding what from the rest of us, how they're doing it, and why it should matter to all of us. Contributing scholars, journalists, and attorneys survey the policies of federal intelligence agencies and presidents--notably Nixon, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton-to keep information secret. They show how these agencies have gone far beyond legitimate security needs to withhold information, and they describe the frustrations and costs encountered in their own efforts to obtain classified information. The authors review important cases exemplifying State Department, agency, and presidential efforts to withhold, destroy, or delay release of these records. In chapters centering on the Kennedy assassination, the Nixon tapes, and the FBI's files on John Lennon and the Supreme Court justices, readers will find an abundance of startling and disturbing revelations. By citing some of the methods used by agencies like the CIA, NSA, NSC, and FBI to circumvent the Freedom of Information Act--often with the cooperation of the judicial system--these essays clearly show that abuses of secrecy aren't limited to the withholding of information but extend to the absurd lengths taken to avoid disclosure."
Building for Peace : U.S. Army Engineers in Europe, 1945-1991
Forging the Shield: the U. S. Army in Europe, 1951-1962
The City Becomes a Symbol : The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Berlin, 1945-1949 by
Title variant: United States Army in the occupation of Berlin
"This book covers the period between the closing days of World War II in Europe in 1945 and the culmination of the Berlin airlift in 1949. It is based on the records of the U.S. military government in Berlin, the official records of many of the U.S. Army elements involved in the occupation, and the military and diplomatic correspondence of senior leaders in the United States, Britain, and France. Although much of it is focused upon the U.S. Army units involved in the occupation, the nature of events in Berlin requires a different perspective. This is also a story of soldier-diplomats, whose actions during the first five years of the occupation laid the groundwork for U.S.-Soviet relations for the rest of the twentieth century. And finally, it is also the story of the citizens of West Berlin, whose activism during the early postwar years rejected the overtures of Communist emissaries and firmly oriented their portion of the city toward the West."--From the Preface.
GPO Bookstore: The City Becomes a Symbol tells the story of the first four tumultuous years of the U.S. Army's occupation of West Berlin and how Berlin became the epicenter of superpower confrontation across all of Europe. The division of Berlin with occupation by Western and Soviet military forces set the stage for the decades-long face-off between the U.S. Army and Soviet forces until the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
Ultimately it was the citizens of Berlin who played a major role in determining the fate and political direction of their city and the whole of Germany until it's reintegration as a unified nation.
Get a first-hand account of this book on our blog: https://govbooktalk.gpo.gov/2017/12/18/holiday-reads-for-year-end-2017/
The City Becomes a Symbol : The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Berlin, 1945-1949 by
Title variant: United States Army in the occupation of Berlin
"This book covers the period between the closing days of World War II in Europe in 1945 and the culmination of the Berlin airlift in 1949. It is based on the records of the U.S. military government in Berlin, the official records of many of the U.S. Army elements involved in the occupation, and the military and diplomatic correspondence of senior leaders in the United States, Britain, and France. Although much of it is focused upon the U.S. Army units involved in the occupation, the nature of events in Berlin requires a different perspective. This is also a story of soldier-diplomats, whose actions during the first five years of the occupation laid the groundwork for U.S.-Soviet relations for the rest of the twentieth century. And finally, it is also the story of the citizens of West Berlin, whose activism during the early postwar years rejected the overtures of Communist emissaries and firmly oriented their portion of the city toward the West."--From the Preface.
GPO Bookstore: The City Becomes a Symbol tells the story of the first four tumultuous years of the U.S. Army's occupation of West Berlin and how Berlin became the epicenter of superpower confrontation across all of Europe. The division of Berlin with occupation by Western and Soviet military forces set the stage for the decades-long face-off between the U.S. Army and Soviet forces until the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
Ultimately it was the citizens of Berlin who played a major role in determining the fate and political direction of their city and the whole of Germany until it's reintegration as a unified nation.
Get a first-hand account of this book on our blog: https://govbooktalk.gpo.gov/2017/12/18/holiday-reads-for-year-end-2017/
See also page on President Kennedy:
The Kennedy Tapes by This topic may also fall under military intelligence, reconnaissance and foreign relations.
This covers Desert Storm as well as other military events in the area.
These are a few suggestions. Check our library catalog for more.
These are just a few suggestions.
The Tip of the Spear by
Online through our library catalog.
LibGuides summary: "The lightning campaign that toppled the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq in the spring of 2003 at first seemed to herald the arrival of a new way of war, as Germany's blitzkrieg had done at the beginning of World War II. But the initial victory in Iraq soon devolved into a persistent counterinsurgency conflict reminiscent of the long U.S. effort to pacify the Philippines after the quick defeat of Spain in 1898. In Iraq, American soldiers and their Coalition partners had merely traded one fairly weak and generally conventional opponent for a much more durable, diverse, and determined foe relying on the tactics of the guerilla and the terrorist. This volume focuses on that second and longer campaign of the war in Iraq, but it is not a narrative of the overall course of the conflict. Instead, it provides a soldier's-eye view of the war in the form of detailed accounts of a handful of battles.Each one illustrates the everyday challenges that America's soldiers face in a difficult struggle against an inventive and often elusive enemy. Weapons, doctrine, and procedures developed to fight a conventional campaign against a similar opposing force had to be adapted to fit a different type of conflict. The U.S. Army's combat and support forces have shown both resourcefulness and resilience, while leaders and soldiers in the field have demonstrated the same courage as previous generations called upon to sacrifice in the name of freedom. These stories not only symbolize the tip of the spear formed by units in contact, but they also represent the contributions of all American men and women who have served their country in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Taken together, these accounts will provide our deploying leaders and soldiers a better understanding of the environment that they will encounter and prepare them for the work that must be done. Current members of the military and those who are considering a military career path would benefit from this publication to learn about the work they may encounter in the future. Students and teachers would find this helpful for educational purposes. Other related products: Small Unit Actions is available here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-029-00141-1 Iraq & Persian Gulf Wars collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/us-military-history/battles-wars/iraq-persian-gulf-wars Global War on Terror collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/us-military-history/battles-wars/global-war-terror Other products produced by the U.S. Army, Center of Military History can be found here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1061"
See Also for Brief Description:
Note: when researching, try footguard as well as "foot guard" - spelling on this page is taken from the unit's web site (unless footguard is used in a quote).
Third Thursday Presentation: First Company Governor's Foot Guard
Note: when researching, try footguard as well as "foot guard" - spelling on this page is taken from the unit's web site (unless footguard is used in a quote).
"Horse Guard Fears State Cut." by Julia Perkins. NewsTimes June 26, 2017, p.A1, A5
"The guard is more than 200 years old and, up until the end of World War II, was an active military unit. In fact, the company traces its beginnings back to 1640, when colonists in New Haven formed a mounted patrol.."
See also previous topics guide for resources on Cold War, Cryptography, Alan Turing, Julia Child, Nathan Hale.
U.S. State Department handles international relations, so be sure to look at beyond military.
These are only a few examples. See also Julia Child on Previous Topics Guide.
These are only a few suggestions. ASO look under other topics, such a specific conflict and/or women.
A Legacy of Lessons Learned: Landstuhi Regional Medical Center During Wartime, 2001-2014 by Navy Medicine in VietnamThe Evolution of Forward Surgery in the US ArmyA Legacy of Lessons Learned: Landstuhi Regional Medical Center During Wartime, 2001-2014 by Red Cross Annex.
Cars are loaded with Red Cross comfort bags at the Red Cross Annex on Farmington Avenue. The comfort bags were filled with treats and other necessities. The Annex was the former home of Jonathan Niles.
The focus of this page is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
The guide was originally based on specific topics of past student research. Many of the groups listed here need more research and we will be adding information as we can.
See also:
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by Daughters of the Union Northern Women Fight The Civil War by The Women's Army Corps by The Connecticut State Library (CSL) has access to federal information, although we may not subscribe to resources listed in other libraries' guides.
When listed call numbers are in the SuDoc classification system, they will often translate to CSL collection. Call numbers listed in other systems may not apply to CSL.
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
This is only a few examples of our resources, based on previous History Day research. At this point, it does not address US military actions against Native Americans.
Much of the information will be in our secured collections. Contacting the History & Genealogy Unit is recommended.
Check our guide:
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
Freedom by the Sword by
GPO summary: "Freedom by the Sword tells the story of the Colored Troops recruitment, organization, and service. The broad focus is on every theater of the Civil War and its concentration on what black soldiers actually contributed to Union victory. It examines the Colored Troops' formation, training, and operations during the entire span of their service, and in every theater of the war in which they served. Underscores the unique nature of their contributions both to Union victory and to their own liberation. CMH Pub 30-24-1. Army Historical Series."
Employment of Negro Troops
Reprint available online. Originally published: 1966. Part of United States Army in World War II series.
GPO summary: "CMH Pub. 11-4. This volume tells the import history of the service of African-American soldiers in the Army during World War II and the integration of the Army after the war. It covers problems in the development and application of policy with some attention to the results, both public and military."
Integration of the Armed Forces, 1940-1965 by 
The African-American Soldier by
LIBGUIDES: "- During the Revolutionary War, five thousand African Americans fought for America's freedom - During the Civil War, more than 200,000 black men rallied to preserve the Union and earn their place as free men - In the Indian Wars, four regiments of "Buffalo Soldiers" made the frontier safe for settlers - When called upon in the Spanish-American War, black soldiers battled side by side with white soldiers as they took back Cuba's San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill Chronicling the role African Americans played in the military history of the United States, The African-American Soldier portrays, war by war, the struggles of the courageous men and women who secured the right of black Americans to fight in the army, navy, marines, and air force for their country -- a country that provided them with nearly two centuries of discrimination and racism, barely acknowledging their human rights as citizens. While they had resoundingly defeated foreign enemies before World War I erupted, African Americans had yet to conquer racism at home, which kept them in segregated units and the lowest ranks. More than 400,000 blacks volunteered to serve; yet only about ten percent of those saw combat -- because they were not welcome on the field as equals. Throughout World War II and the Korean conflict, blacks had to protest at home before they were allowed to defend their country abroad. It was not until after the Vietnam War that they finally tasted the fruits of racial victory when the armed forces implemented and enforced its "equal opportunity plans", providing fair and equal training for all service members. By the time of Desert Storm, black soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines served in everyposition and every rank, including chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This account..."
Foxholes and Color Lines by
catalog: "Provides a history of racial integration in all branches of the U.S. armed forces, from Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948 through the Vietnam war. Reveals "the intense political conflict at the time and the strenuous opposition to racial integration."--Jacket."
The Right to Fight by
LIBGUIDES: "From the birth of the United States, African American men and women have fought and died in defence of a nation that has often denied them many fundamental rights of citizenship. Now Gerald Astor has chronicled their efforts and accomplishments in this critically acclaimed survey. From Crispus Attucks, the first casualty of the American Revolution, to fighters on both sides of the Civil War, Astor moves to the postwar Indian campaigns and the infamous Brownsville riot. He also documents the prejudices and grievous wrongs that have kept African Americans from service,and finally traces their ascent to the highest levels. The Right to Fight is a ground-breaking contribution to American history."
These are only some examples.
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military (for example, efforts to be allowed to serve, etc.).
Spanish speaking Americans in the war : the Southwest. by
Online access through our catalog.
Spanish and English.
Published anonymously. Written by Charles Olson and Ben Shahn (first book by Olson, who would later become a noted poet).
"[Ben] Shahn and [Charles] Olson collaborated in producing a bilingual pamphlet, Spanish Speaking Americans in the War. This was one of several OWI pamphlets meant to counter Axis propaganda encouraging minorities to question their stake in an American victory"--Daniel Belgrad, The Culture of Spontaneity: Improvisation and the Arts in Postwar America, 1998.
"Photos courtesy of Life Magazine; Denver News; U.S. Army; Office of War Information Bureau of Industrial Economics; Department of Agriculture.".
Gays in UniformAsk and Tell by
LIBGUIDES: "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was the directive of President Clinton's 1993 military policy regarding gay and lesbian soldiers. This official silence continued a collective amnesia about the patriotic service and courageous sacrifices of homosexual troops. Ask and Tell recovers these lost voices, offering a rich chronicle of the history of gay and lesbian service in the U.S. military from World War II to the Iraq War. Drawing on more than 50 interviews with gay and lesbian veterans, Steve Estes charts the evolution of policy toward homosexuals in the military over the past 65 years, uncovering the ways that silence about sexuality and military service has affected the identities of gay veterans. These veteran voices--harrowing, heroic, and on the record--reveal the extraordinary stories of ordinary Americans, men and women who simply did their duty and served their country in the face of homophobia, prejudice, and enemy fire. Far from undermining national security, unit cohesion, or troop morale, Estes demonstrates, these veterans strengthened the U.S. military in times of war and peace. He also examines challenges to the ban on homosexual service, placing them in the context of the wider movement for gay rights and gay liberation. Ask and Tell is an important compilation of unheard voices, offering Americans a new understanding of the value of all the men and women who serve and protect them."
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military.
Note: See also other time periods, such as the War of 1812. Some items listed here may cover time periods beyond the American Revolution - check sources.
The Oxford English Dictionary definition:
privateer, n.
1. a. An armed vessel owned and crewed by private individuals, and holding a government commission known as a letter of marque (see letter of marque n. at marque n.1 2) authorizing the capture of merchant shipping belonging to an enemy nation. Now historical.
b. The commander or a member of the crew of a privateer. Now historical.
- "privateer, n.". OED Online. September 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/151605?rskey=os5nXq&result=1 (accessed November 16, 2021).
During the American Revolution, the Continental navy needed support against the British Navy and turned to privateers. It was an established practice with European countries that, during a war, contracted privateers could attack enemy vessels (including trade vessels). Privateers were issued letters of marque that granted them permission to seize enemy ships. Pirates lacked the legal letters of marque issued from a valid government. England did not recognize the Colonies as a legitimate government, and considered the privateers to be pirates. Letters of marque were issued by Continental government, and Connecticut issued their own as well. Journals of the Continental Congress and the U.S. Congressional Serial Set contain information about who were issued letters of marque. There was a question during the U.S. Civil War if the ships supporting the Confederate army were privateers or pirates. Privateering was prohibited by the 1856 Treaty of Paris, but the U.S.A. did not sign the treaty.
Long Island Sound supported privateers, with the lower Connecticut River and New London Harbor prime locations. There were several shipyards, which built smaller and faster ships than the British naval ships. These locally built ships could escape up the Connecticut and Thames Rivers. New London had a large whaling fleet and the Thames River was deep enough to accommodate larger ships. Nathaniel Shaw, Jr., of New London, acting as Connecticut’s Naval Agent and Continental agent, issued the letters of marque for that area.
Some Connecticut people involved in privateering, or owning shares in privateer ships: Benedict Arnold; Nathaniel Shaw, Jr.; Captain Thomas Allon; William Packwood; Joseph Packwood; Samuel Smedley; Ashbel Riley; Capt. Gideon Olmsted.
Some ships were: General Putnam; John; Governor Trumbull; Ranger; Snake.
Sources are from items listed on this page.
These are resources that cross over more than one time period. See sections for specific wars/time periods.
Connecticut Pirates and Privateers : treasure and treachery in the Constitution State
LibGuide description: "The waters, inlets and islands of Connecticut once swarmed with fabled corsairs like Captain Kidd and Blackbeard who may have buried their booty in Constitution State soil. In colonial times and through the nineteenth century, over one hundred privateers used the Connecticut River and waterways as a home port, influencing the geopolitics of the time. During the Revolutionary War, the infamous traitor Benedict Arnold attempted to destroy the state's privateer fleet. In 1779, Captain Elisha Hinman cleverly devised a system that allowed the large privateer ship Governor Trumbull to avoid enemy attack by becoming super-buoyant and passing over dangerous shoals. Wick Griswold uncovers the swashbuckling stories of Connecticut's pirates and privateers, brimming with historical facts and local myths."
The Negro in the American Revolution by These are resources that cross over more than one time period. See sections for specific wars/time periods.
These are resources for this specific time period. For resources that cover more than one time period, see other sections on this page.
Samuel Smedley: Connecticut Privateer by
LibGuides summary: "From the shores of Long Island Sound to the high seas of the West Indies, against British warships and letters of marque, Samuel Smedley left a stream of smoke and blood as he took prisoners and prizes alike. At twenty-three years old, Smedley, a Fairfield, Connecticut native, enlisted as a lieutenant of marines on the Connecticut ship Defence during the American Revolution. Less than a year later he was her captain, scouring the seas for British prey. Author Jackson Kuhl delves into the life and times of this Patriot, sea captain and privateer."
Two Revolutionary War Privateers
LibGuides description: "Two Connecticut naval merchants become privateers and make numerous voyages to the Caribbean to obtain wartime supplies."
Naval Officers of the American Revolution : a concise biographical dictionaryThese are resources for this specific time period. For resources that cover more than one time period, see other sections on this page.
The British Raid on EssexThere are international laws defining torture and outlining interrogation practices.
See also pages for:
Originally a prison under government of Saddam Hussein, the U.S. Army turned it into a military prison that utilized contracted staff.
These are a few suggestions. Be sure to search our library catalog.
The Torture Papers by These are a few terms that you might try.
These are a few suggestions to get you started. Also check our library catalog, archives finding aids, databases, and federal websites.
The United States Coast Guard (USCG), a branch of the U.S. Military, has been under various federal agencies throughout its history. It is important to know this when searching for historic information.
The U.S. Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) is located in New London, CT.
The focus of this resource is on specific groups serving in the military, but may also include their relationship to the military.
These are just a few suggestions.
Be sure to check publication dates, as older documents are included.
Uniform Insignia of the United States Military Forces by These are only a few suggestions.
These are only a few suggestions to get you started. Also check our library catalog, archives finding aids, and databases, as well as federal web portals.
These are only a few examples of resources.
These are only a few examples of resources.
These are only a few examples of resources.
This section of the guide includes people who have been studied for more than one History Day competition.
See Previous Topics Guide and other subject guides.
See also the main History Day Guide.
These are just some suggestions. Consult with our History & Genealogy unit for more.
Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero by
LibGuides: "Benedict Arnold stands as one of the most vilified figures in American history. Stories of his treason have so come to define him that his name, like that of Judas, is virtually synonymous with treason. Yet Arnold was one of the most heroic and remarkable men of his time, indeed in all of American history. A brilliant military leader of uncommon bravery, Arnold dedicated himself to the Revolutionary cause, sacrificing family life, health, and financial well-being for a conflict that left him physically crippled, sullied by false accusations, and profoundly alienated from the American cause of liberty. By viewing Arnold's life backward through the prism of his treason, we invariably succumb to the demonizations that arose only after his abandonment of the rebel forces. We thereby overlook his critical role as one of the influential actors in the American Revolution. Distinguished historian James Kirby Martin's landmark biography, the result of a decade's labor, stands as an invaluable antidote to this historical distortion. Careful not to endow the Revolutionary generation with mythical proportions of virtue, Martin shows how self-serving, venal behavior was just as common in the Revolutionary era as in our own time. Arnold, a deeply committed patriot, suffered acutely because of his lack of political savvy in dealing with those who attacked his honor and reputation. Tracing Arnold's life, from his difficult childhood through his grueling winter trek across the howling Maine wilderness, his valiant defense of Lake Champlain, and his crucial role in the Quebec and Saratoga campaigns, Martin has given us an entirely new perspective on this dramatic and exceptional life, set against the tumultuous background of the American Revolution."
A Hero and a Spy by
LIBGUIDES: "With the passing of time, Benedict Arnold the traitor has overshadowed Benedict Arnold the hero. Those who know of his extraordinary sacrifices for the colonies during the American Revolution are still confounded by his defection to the British side. Fort..."
Treacherous Beauty by 
Jerks in Connecticut History by These are a few examples; this is not meant to be comprehensive. Many of the resources are not online.
Also check the general History Day guide, as links might not be repeated here.
These are only a few examples. Please check our catalog and archives finding aids for more sources.
George Pausch's Journal and Reports of the Campaign in America by
LIBGUIDES: "When England was faced with the necessity of trying to suppress the revolt in the American Colonies in 1775, there were not enough men in the kingdom to fulfill all the English military commitments. Therefore, England turned to the continent of Europe and.."
These are guides from other libraries. The Connecticut State Library may have many of federal documents listed. It is highly unlikely to have access to any of the subscription resources listed.
Also see Hartford Circus Fire and Animal Rights page in this guide.
These are only a few examples.
P. T. Barnum by
LibGuides: "One of the earliest practitioners of "the show business, " P.T. Barnum built his reputation largely on the exoticism of others. A man of complex motives, Barnum possessed a unique genius and his influence on popular culture is evident to this day. Barnum will be a three-hour Discovery Channel special airing in October. Illustrations, 260 in color."
Becoming Tom Thumb : Charles Stratton, P. T. Barnum, and the Dawn of American Celebrity by
"When P. T. Barnum met twenty-five-inch-tall Charles Stratton at a Bridgeport, Connecticut hotel in 1843, one of the most important partnerships in entertainment history was born. With Barnum's promotional skills and the miniature Stratton's comedic talents, they charmed a Who's Who of the 19th century, from Queen Victoria to Charles Dickens to Abraham Lincoln. Adored worldwide as "General Tom Thumb," Stratton played to sold-out shows for almost forty years. From his days as a precocious child star to his tragic early death, Becoming Tom Thumb tells the full story of this iconic figure for the first time. It details his triumphs on the New York stage, his epic celebrity wedding, and his around-the-world tour, drawing on newly available primary sources and interviews. From the mansions of Paris to the deserts of Australia, Stratton's unique brand of Yankee comedy not only earned him the accolades of millions of fans, it helped move little people out of the side show and into the lime light. -- Publisher description."
(1803-1890)
Prudence Crandall's Legacy by
"Prudence Crandall was a schoolteacher who fought in the early nineteenth century to integrate her school in Canterbury, Connecticut, and educate black women. When Crandall accepted a black woman as a student, she unleashed a storm of controversy that catapulted her to national notoriety and drew the attention of the most prominent pro- and antislavery activists of the day. The Connecticut state legistlature passed its infamous Black Law in an attempt to close down her school. Although Crandall was arrested and jailed, her legal legacy had a lasting impact--Crandall v. State was the first full-throated defense mounted for civil rights in United States history. The arguments by attorneys in Crandall played a role in two of the most fateful Supreme Court decisions, Dred Scott v. Sandford, and the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education. In Prudence Crandall's Legacy, the author and lawyer Donald E. Williams Jr. marshals a wealth of detail concerning the life and work of Prudence Crandall, her unique role in the fight for civil rights, and her influence on legal arguments for equality in America."--Jacket.
These are only a few examples. You can use our databases to search for additional articles. Subscription databases require a card specifically from Connecticut State Library.
Ella Grasso : Connecticut's pioneering governor by
LibGuides: "When Ella Tambussi Grasso ran for governor of Connecticut in 1974, she had not lost an election since she was first voted into the state’s General Assembly in 1952. The people of Connecticut chose her as the nation’s first woman to be elected governor in her own right—the capstone of a long and successful career dedicated to public service, effective government, and the democratic process. During her tenure as governor, Grasso’s leadership was tested in the face of fiscal problems, state layoffs, and budget shortfalls. The daughter of Italian immigrants, she endeared herself to her constituents during the great Blizzard of 1978, when she stayed at the State Armory around the clock to direct emergency operations and make frequent television appearances. Author Jon E. Purmont, who served as Grasso’s executive assistant when she was governor, draws on his diary from that time, research in Grasso’s archives, and interviews with Grasso’s family and friends to give us a rich and intimate portrait of this political pioneer."
Plaintiff in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).
According to Sicherman's 2011 article "Women Who Changed the World" (linked below) "As executive director of the Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut (PPLC) from 1954 to 1965, her main objective was to overturn an antiquated 1879 state law that prohibited the use and distribution of contraceptives."
1961 November - Along with Dr. C. Lee Buxton, opened birth control clinic in New Haven (for married couples). Shortly after, both arrested and later convicted.
1965 - Griswold v Connecticut went to U.S. Supreme Court.
These are only a few examples. You can use our databases to search for additional articles. Subscription databases require a card specifically from Connecticut State Library.
These are only a few suggestions. Search our catalog too.
Subject search Hale, Nathan, 1755-1776
Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut by
LibGuides: "Covert intelligence played a critical role in the American Revolution.Connecticut produced an extraordinary number of spies on both sides of the conflict, from the infamous traitor and Norwich-born Benedict Arnold to PatriotNathan Hale, executed by the British for espionage. Spying during theRevolution entailed coded messages, early submarines with the first explodingtorpedoes and the penalty of death for those caught in the act. Despite the risk, some spies even played both sides as double agents, such as Edward Bancroft, who was never caught. With stories of Silas Deane, Ethan Allen,Thomas Knowlton, the Culper Spy Ring and others, author Mark Allen Bake rnavigates the intrigues, dangers and double crosses of Connecticut’s most legendary Revolutionary spies."
People from Tolland County, Connecticut by 
Nathan Hale by
LibGuides: "The first biography in nearly a century of the legendary Revolutionary War patriot and our country’s first spy. Few Americans know much more about Nathan Hale than his famous last words: “I only regret that I have one life left to give for my country.” But who was the real Nathan Hale? M. William Phelps charts the life of this famed patriot and Connecticut’s state hero, following Hale’s rural childhood, his education at Yale, and his work as a schoolteacher. Even in his brief career, he distinguished himself by offering formal lessons to young women. Like many young Americans, he soon became drawn into the colonies’ war for independence, becoming a captain in Washington’s army. When the general was in need of a spy, Hale willingly rose to the challenge, bravely sacrificing his life for the sake of American liberty. Using Hale’s own journals and letters as well as testimonies from his friends and contemporaries, Phelps depicts the Revolution as it was seen from the ground. From the confrontation in Boston to the battle for New York City, readers experience what life was like for an ordinary soldier in the struggling Continental army. In this impressive, well-researched biography, Phelps separates historical fact from long-standing myth to reveal the life of Nathan Hale, a young man who deserves to be remembered as an original American patriot."
Washington's Spies by
LibGuides: "Based on remarkable new research, acclaimed historian Alexander Rose brings to life the true story of the spy ring that helped America win the Revolutionary War. For the first time, Rose takes us beyond the battlefront and deep into the shadowy underworld of double agents and triple crosses, covert operations and code breaking, and unmasks the courageous, flawed men who inhabited this wilderness of mirrors—including the spymaster at the heart of it all. In the summer of 1778, with the war poised to turn in his favor, General George Washington desperately needed to know where the British would strike next. To that end, he unleashed his secret weapon: an unlikely ring of spies in New York charged with discovering the enemy’s battle plans and military strategy. Washington’s small band included a young Quaker torn between political principle and family loyalty, a swashbuckling sailor addicted to the perils of espionage, a hard-drinking barkeep, a Yale-educated cavalryman and friend of the doomed Nathan Hale, and a peaceful, sickly farmer who begged Washington to let him retire but who always came through in the end. Personally guiding these imperfect everyday heroes was Washington himself. In an era when officers were gentlemen, and gentlemen didn’t spy, he possessed an extraordinary talent for deception—and proved an adept spymaster. The men he mentored were dubbed the Culper Ring. The British secret service tried to hunt them down, but they escaped by the closest of shaves thanks to their ciphers, dead drops, and invisible ink. Rose’s thrilling narrative tells the unknown story of the Revolution–the murderous intelligence war, gunrunning and kidnapping, defectors and executioners—that has never appeared in the history books. But Washington's Spies is also a spirited, touching account of friendship and trust, fear and betrayal, amid the dark and silent world of the spy."
These are just a few suggestions.
These are only a few examples. You can use our databases to search for additional articles. Subscription databases require a card specifically from Connecticut State Library.
These are only a few examples. Search Primo, our library catalog, for any additional resources.
The Street by 
Can Anything Beat White? by
LibGuides description: "Ann Petry (1908-1997) achieved prominence during a period in which few black women were published with regularity in America. Her novels Country Place (1947) and The Narrows (1988), along with various short stories and nonfiction, poignantly described the struggles and triumphs of middle-class blacks living in primarily white communities. Petry's ancestors, the James family, served as in-spiration for much of her fiction. This collection of more than four hundred family letters, edited by the daughter of Ann Petry, is an engaging portrait of black family life from the 1890s to the early twentieth century, a period not often documented by African American voices. Ann Petry's maternal grandfather, Willis Samuel James, was a slave taught by his children to read and write. He believed ""the best place for the negro is as near the white man as he can get."" He followed that ""truth,"" working as coachman for a Connecticut governor and buying a house in a white neighborhood in Hartford. Willis had sixteen children by three wives. The letters in this collection are from him and his second wife, Anna E. Houston James, and five of Anna's children, of whom novelist Ann Petry's mother, Bertha James Lane, was the oldest. History is made and remade by the availability of new documents, sources, and interpretations. Can Anything Beat White? contributes a great deal to this process. The experiences of the James family as documented in their letters challenge both representations of black people at the turn of the century as well as our contemporary sense of black Americans."
Remarkable Women of Old Saybrook by African American Connecticut Explored by
Requires a card from CSL for online access through our catalog, Primo.
Previous suggestions were not recorded in an online guide, although he has been the topic of a few previous History Day projects. The resources below were added as they were found doing other research.
Check with our History & Genealogy (H&G) unit to see what is in the Connecticut State Archives and the H&G collections.
Site: "Historypin is a place for people to share photos and stories, telling the histories of their local communities."
The Connecticut State Library has several collections in HistoryPin.org.
These are only a few examples.
These are only some of the resources available.
Students may want to visit town clerks in search of Stonington and East Haddam land records.
Venture Smith-Making Freedom by 
Making Freedom by 
Venture Smith and the Business of Slavery and Freedom by
LIBGUIDES: "Reconstructs the journey of an eighteenth-century African from enslavement through emancipation"
Five Black Lives by
LIBGUIDES: "Five Black Lives is a collection of ex-slave narratives which spans 150 years in time, from 1729 to 1870, and some thousands of miles in geographical area from Africa to Connecticut. The autobiographies include the lives of Venture Smith, a native of Africa who ended his days as a resident of East Haddam, Connecticut; James Mars, born a slave near Norfolk, Connecticut in 1790, and freed at twenty-five by state law; William Grimes, a native of Virginia, who became Connecticut's first known runway when he arrived in New Haven about 1808; G.W. Offley, from Maryland, who was bought free by his father and later settled in Hartford; and James L. Smith, of Virginia birth, who escaped from slavery and settled in Norwich, Connecticut."--Victor B. Howard, The New England Quarterly
African American Connecticut Explored by
Requires a card from CSL for online access through our catalog, Primo.
These are a few suggestions.
CSL has much more than reflected on this page.
Harriet Beecher Stowe Center
IQuilt
These are only a few examples. You can use our databases to search for additional articles. Subscription databases require a card specifically from Connecticut State Library.
From description of CTDA collection (link in the Archives section):
Gustave Whitehead (1874-1927) was an early aviation pioneer who invented gliders, airplanes, and helicopters from 1896-1911. Connecticut General Statute § 10-29a (19) recognizes Whitehead’s contribution to aviation by requiring the Governor to annually proclaim “Powered Flight Day to honor the first powered flight by Gustave Whitehead and to commemorate the Connecticut aviation and aerospace industry.” In 2014, the General Assembly adopted House Resolution No. 87 recognizing Connecticut as “the location of the first manned, controlled flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft.”
美国所藏容闳文献初编 = Collection of Yung Wing's paper in the U.S. Meiguo suo cang Rong Hong wen xian chu bian = Collection of Yung Wing's paper in the U.S. by Databases and Articles
Additional resources:
For more information, see our guide:
These are only a few examples.
Ellen Ash Peters (1930-2024) was the first woman appointed to the Connecticut Supreme Court, first woman named chief justice, and first woman to receive tenure at Yale Law School.
These are only a few examples.
This is meant to supplement other History Day resources for teachers, and therefore does not include content from History Day websites.
This is a key factor in History Day criteria.
Students sometimes struggle with search terms because they do not use the historic language.
Here are links to external sites that include lesson plans according their own descriptions.
Lesson plans often link to resources for research.
Note: The Library of Congress has completely reorganized the Teachers section of their website. Some links might go to a more general page than originally planned for this guide. Some resources were removed or redone.
See also sections on elections, military, as well as Previous Topics guide.
Black's Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019) defines eminent domain as "The inherent power of a governmental entity to take privately owned property, esp. land, and convert it to public use, subject to reasonable compensation for the taking."
See also individual municipal codes for town-specific laws.
See also specific topics, such as Military Intelligence, 2021 topics, etc.
NOT mapped on public guide March 2021
You can also do a subject search in Primo, our library catalog for slang.
Sometimes research means using library lingo and subject-specific jargon - that many people don't know.
Below are a few selected terms and acronyms defined or explained in the context of students doing History Day research. For this guide, precise and/or complete definitions aren't always possible - explanations are tailored for this situation and may not apply to all uses of the terms or acronyms.
If you wish to recommend other terms or acronyms that you think might confuse other researchers - please feel free to use our Contact Us form and include that you are suggesting terms for History Glossary. (You can also ask us reference questions on this form).
NOTE: We are in the process of building this list. Entries may not be complete.
These are only a few examples.
Safe Enough? : A History of Nuclear Power and Accident Risk by 
According National History Day email of April 4, 2023, the 2024 theme will be:
In this section and subpages, you will see examples of topics with some resources.
It is up to you to discover the "turning point".
| https://libguides.ctstatelibrary.org/historyday/Amistad |
These are only a few examples.
National History Day 2023 Theme: Frontiers in History: People, Places, IdeasThese are a few suggested databases - many of which will require a card specifically from the Connecticut State Library (CSL) (they will have an icon of a blue library card). See also our complete list of databases.
Click the info icon (black circle with an "i") for a description of the database. Contact us if you need help with databases - best to get your CSL card first.
A Few Suggestions:
Tip:
These are just some suggested ideas.
Additional topics and text from the Connecticut History Day Topic List 2022-2023. Document above. This content is indicated with "*CTHD 2022-2023"
*CTHD 2022-2023
For various topics, such as the Dawes Act, Treaty of Fort Laramie, etc., these databases may be of help. Some will include analysis as well as primary sources. Many require a library card specifically from the CT State Library. They will have a blue card icon next to them.
No matter the time period you choose, water was a frontier for many cultures - whether an actual frontier to explore (above and below) or a transportation means to a frontier.
Check CT State Library catalog and databases - especially for Connecticut State and Federal government publications.
Check the Mystic Seaport, Mystic Aquarium, UConn Avery Point, University of Rhode Island (a sea-grant school) for resources.
Search our catalog and archives finding aids.
see also:
The Connecticut State Library has Congressional hearings on this topic - both in print and online. Some online access may require a library card specifically from the Connecticut State Library.
The Connecticut State Library has numerous historic congressional publications on food safety and the meat packing industry.
The Connecticut State Library has Congressional hearings and documents on the passage of the law, as well as current and older items from the Department of Justice.
The Connecticut State Library has federal documents relating to International Relations - from Congress, the State Department, The Office of the President, and other agencies.
See also Cold War and Space Race sub-pages on main History Day guide.
The Connecticut State Library has information on various topics, including Griswold v Connecticut.
See also Griswold and Roraback entries under People page.
These are only a few examples.
November 1, 1961, Estelle Griswold and Dr. C. Lee Buxton opened a birth control clinic in New Haven.
1965 - case reached U.S. Supreme Court. June 7th, 1965 decision said Connecticut law violated constitutional right to marital privacy.
We have a trial for a database - but you will need a card from us.
We have resources on Supreme Court cases.
See our page on Demographics > Deaf as well as our pages on Education and Helen Keller, and other people.
The CT State Library has many resources from various federal agencies - FEMA, public health, congressional hearings and more.
We will have many older federal government documents on Food and Drug Administration
We have the congressional hearings and other documents related to the passage of this legislation
We have many resources.
Check with History & Genealogy reference desk.
See also:
Contact the History & Genealogy reference desk for CT State Archives.
Search our catalog.
See also:
See reproductive rights on 2023 section of guide as well as related topics on main part of the guide.
There may be information in the CT State Archives and also legal history.
These are only a few examples of what might be available.
We have some resources in our federal documents collection. Look at Medical and Life Sciences page on main guide.
Many of our older documents may not be in our library catalog. Contact us with citations.
We have Congressional documents on child labor laws.
Look at main research guide under Space and also Demographics>Women. There should be several NASA resources.
see:
See page under main menu - People - Roraback
Check with our History and Genealogy reference to see what is in the CT State Archives.
These are only a few suggestions. Search our: library catalog; State Archives finding aids; databases; digital collections.
These are only some suggestions. The Connecticut State Library has many primary sources.
See John Mason box on this page.
We have historic sources.
Check the page on Military, and sub-pages for specific wars. The page should include links to Department of Defense libraries.
Our catalog includes items, both current and historic, on aircraft carriers. Many catalog records include links to access online versions of the publications.
We have several resources listed in our library catalog for Sanitary Commission. Several are in special collections.
See also main History Day guide for military medicine. And Civil War
We have many resources. A few examples are on the Main History Day guide under Military>1812
The Connecticut State Library has the public documents of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as well as Congressional and other agency publications on Three Mile Island.
We have historic sources.
We have Congressional documents relating to the passage of the act.
See also the main guide - Demographics - Women
We have various resources, depending on your focus.
See main History Day guide and Previous Topics guide.
We have many resources.
We have historic and current documents.
These are only a few suggested resources.
CTDA has digitized copies of RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE USE OF THE MERRITT PARKWAY
See main History Day Guide and Previous Topics guide
See our pages on main guide and contact us to learn how to find additional resources in our collections.
The National History Day website:
"Each year, National History Day® frames students’ research within a historical theme. The theme is chosen for broad application to world, national, or state history and its relevance to ancient history or to the more recent past. The 2021-2022 theme is Debate & Diplomacy in History: Successes, Failures, Consequences."
These are just a few suggested resources. See also the specific topics on this guide and the Previous Topics guide.
These are a few suggestions that cover the board theme of Debate and Diplomacy
These are a few suggested topics. See links in the boxes above for other institutions' suggested topics (although we will incorporate their suggested topics if we have resources). Please contact us with other topics.
What makes a “patriot” and what makes a Loyalist and how did towns treat them?
Look at Loyalists/Patriots is RG000 Connecticut Archives, Revolutionary War Series. There are also records in the various county court records (there is an index online, RG003) and probate records (RG004).
See History Day guide page under Military > Revolutionary Period
The Great Compromise created the dual system of state representation in U.S. Congress. It is also called the Connecticut Compromise because Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth were Connecticut's delegates. The compromise addressed disputes between larger and smaller states - with the Senate having two members from each state and the House of Representatives having representation based on population. In determining how to count population, the Three-fifths Compromise said three-fifths of each state's population of enslave people would be counted.
See our guides on the U.S. Constitution as well.
Collected Works of Roger ShermanAlso called the New England Convention. December 15, 1814 through January 5, 1815, delegates from New England states met for several weeks to draw up amendments to the US Constitution. The delegate were Federalists and their opposition to the War of 1812 had repercussions for the Federalist Party. The Hartford Convention did not consider secession, but was accused of this. The Federalist Party's stance on the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention impacted their political power and the Connecticut Constitution of 1818.
When Connecticut became a state, it did not adopt a constitution like the other former colonies. It continued to operate under the original charter, which gave broad powers to the Connecticut General Assembly (CGA). The Federalist Party's stance on the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention impacted their political power.
From Section I of the Connecticut Register and Manual (see link below):
"Though the people of the state had long acquiesced under the form of government derived from the charter, and sanctioned by the legislature; yet it was considered by many that we had no constitution, as our government under the charter had never received the explicit approbation of the people subsequent to the declaration of independence. It was also considered to be inconsistent with the dignity of a free nation to hold their rights, even nominally by the tenure of a Royal Grant and that it was proper the powers of the government should be divided into separate departments, and individual rights be secured by a constitution that should control the legislature itself. It was therefore thought advisable to call a convention for that object. Accordingly, in 1818, a convention was assembled which agreed upon a constitution. It was submitted to the people, and approved by a vote of thirteen thousand nine hundred and eighteen in its favor and twelve thousand three hundred and sixty-four against its ratification. On the twelfth of October, 1818, Governor Wolcott issued his proclamation, at the request of the General Assembly, declaring that the constitution was thenceforth to be observed by all persons, as the Supreme Law of this State."
The Declaration of Rights, while overlapping with Federal Bill of Rights, provides additional rights such as explicit right to counsel (State v. Stoddard, 206 Conn. 157 - 1988). Equal protection under Connecticut law is broader (Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health, 289 Conn. 135 - 2008).
The 1818 Constitution provided for free exercise of religion, and no longer allowed state taxes to support the Congregational Church.
See Law Desk's guides
See main History Day section:
See Privateers page in main History Day Guide:
How to record the history of John Mason.
Newspapers will be helpful about statues.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are only a few examples.
These are only a few examples. Search our catalog, databases, and finding aids too.
All Available Boats: the evacuation of Manhattan Island on September 11, 2001 by It was requested that resources be presented by time period as well as by broad subjects. Not all topics fit nicely into time periods, but we will attempt to organize links to resources by time periods.
See also:
First Encounters and the Colonial Era (pre-1775)
Revolutionary War and a New Nation (1775-1815)
The Era of Reform (1815-1859)
Civil War and Reconstruction (1860-1877)
Rise of Industrial America (1878-1900)
Progressive to New Eras (1900-1929)
Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Post War United States (1945-1968)
Contemporary United States (1969-present)
These are a few examples.
Please be advised that some of these resources--particularly those created in previous eras--contain descriptions for ancestral, racial, ethnic, and gender identity that may be offensive or harmful to individuals investigating these records, and are considered inappropriate to use in modern times. The descriptions and treatment of historically marginalized groups, women, and animals may be upsetting. Also, please note that inclusion in this subject guide does not necessarily constitute endorsement of the views therein--we encourage investigators to use their own judgment when evaluating books, websites, articles, documents, and other resources.
These are a few examples of resources created for educators. The staff of the Connecticut State library are not certified teachers and are only highlighting some resources.
Students may find these resources helpful too.
The Library of Congress has several programs for teachers - as well as additional resources. These are a few examples.
This page will be edited, updated, revised on a semi-regular basis. Come back and see the changes.
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